1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefro
2、m, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2009 SAE InternationalAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
3、reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)Fax: 724-
4、776-0790Email: CustomerServicesae.orgSAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSURFACEVEHICLERECOMMENDEDPRACTICEJ1138REAF.AUG2009Issued 1977-09Reaffirmed 2009-08Superseding J1138 FEB1999(R) Design CriteriaDriver Hand Controls Location for Passenger Cars, Multipurpose Passenger Vehicles, and Trucks (10 000 G
5、VW and Under)ForewordThe question of driver hand control location is a complex one. Past research (References SAE SP407,SAE J1139, 2.1.2.1, and 2.1.2.2) indicates that errors and response times increase when hand controls are notlocated in their expected location. There is no solid evidence linking
6、accidents with the inability to locate a controlin a timely manner or to the inadvertent operation of automotive controls.Nevertheless, to enhance ease of use, the location of controls should be based, insofar as possible, onperformance rather than aesthetic considerations and must be governed by hu
7、man engineering practice as itpertains to hand reach, visibility, identification, and operating mode. These considerations may be mutuallyexclusive, in certain vehicles, because of conflicting design requirements. In these cases, the recommendedpractice should be followed starting with the highest p
8、riority considerations until all available control location spacehas been used.Any restriction in the location of controls and displays must respect the need to accommodate not only safetyrequirements and serviceability, but also the spatial requirements necessary to package the components behindthe
9、 control and display surface. These restrictions in control locations are not intended to preclude the adoption ofcontrol innovations or inventions that may be superior to known technology and which could result in safer, moreefficient operation of the vehicle. It should be recognized that different
10、 classes of vehicles such as heavy trucksmay require different control locations because of their distinct environment.1. ScopeThe purpose of this SAE Recommended Practice is to describe design criteria pertaining to thelocation and labeling of hand controls, including embedded displays and controls
11、 when displayed, necessaryto or frequently used during the operation of passenger cars, MPVs, and trucks 10 000 GVW and underdesigned for left-hand drive operation. The results of SAE human factors research have strongly influencedthese recommendations, specifically in the area of driver reach, cont
12、rol-locating performance, and controllocation expectancies. Deviations from this recommended practice should be made only after careful study ofthe various SAE publications on these subjects. This document does not include hand-held devices such asremote controls or cellular phones.Copyright SAE Int
13、ernational Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1138 Reaffirmed AUG2009-2-2. References2.1 Applicable PublicationsThe following publications form a part of the specification to the extent specifiedherein. Unless
14、 otherwise indicated, the latest revision of SAE publications shall apply.2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATIONSAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.SAE J287Driver Hand Control ReachSAE J1050aDescribing and Measuring Drivers Field of ViewSAE J1139Direction -of-Motion Stereotypes for
15、 Automotive Hand ControlsSAE SP 407”Driver Expectancy and Performance in Locating Automotive Controls,” McGrath, J. J.,presented at SAE Congress, February 23-27, 19762.1.2 OTHER PUBLICATIONS2.1.2.1 J. J. McGrath, “Analysis of Expectancies of European Drivers and Commonality of Automotive ControlsLoc
16、ation on European Cars,“ Technical Memo. 247-1, Anacapa Sciences, September 26, 19742.1.2.2 UMTRI-89-15“Instrument Panel Controls in Sedans: What Drivers Prefer and Why,“ Green, P., Paelke,G., and Clack, K. (1989), Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (NTISNo. PB 9
17、0 184235/AS)2.2 Related PublicationsThe following publications are provided for information purposes only and are not arequired part of this document.SAE J1100Motor Vehicle DimensionsSAE J2402Symbols for Motor Vehicle Controls, Indicators, and Tell-Tales3. DefinitionsTerm Definitions for Driver Hand
18、 Controls3.1 Control Reference PlaneA vertical longitudinal plane through the steering wheel center Y coordinate.3.2 Control Operational AreaThe area or region swept by those parts of a control which are activated orcontacted by the hand while the control is in all the possible modes or positions. (
19、See Figure 1.)3.3 Control Display AreaThe area which includes the identification of the control and those portions required todetermine its position at any point within its range. It includes any indicates or tell-tales that are at a locationremote from the control. It does not include, for example,
20、 bezels or manufacturers type numbers. (See Figure2 and SAE J1050a.)3.4 Higher Priority ControlsThose hand operated controls which may need to be quickly accessed or arefrequently used by the driver when the vehicle is in motion, or which should be operated while keeping theeyes and head in the norm
21、al driving position.3.5 Lower Priority ControlsThose hand controls which are used at the drivers discretion or which are usedinfrequently.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1138 Rea
22、ffirmed AUG2009-3-FIGURE 1OPERATIONAL AREA OF A CONTROLFIGURE 2DISPLAY AREA OF A CONTROL4. Design Criteria in Order of Priority4.1 Control Location PriorityThe operational area of the following higher priority hand controls should bewithin reach of a driver wearing a lap and shoulder restraint and t
23、he following lower priority hand controlsshould be within reach of a driver wearing a lap belt only. SAE J287 defines reach capability under specificconditions of finger grasp control operation for two restraint conditions; a diagonal non-extending shoulderstrap with lap belt and lap belt only. Fing
24、ertip operated controls may permit greater reach, while full handgrasp operated controls may result in lesser reach. In addition, a diagonal extending shoulder strap maypermit greater reach than a non-extending shoulder strap. See Table 1.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license wit
25、h SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1138 Reaffirmed AUG2009-4-4.2 Display Viewing AreaThe display area of the following driver hand controls, as defined in 3.3, should bewithin view of the restrained driver with head movement so as to permit i
26、dentification. If redundant informationis displayed in two different display areas, the redundant information should be within view of the driver in atleast one of the display areas. Areas obscured by the steering control are defined in SAE J1050a. See Table2.TABLE 1CONTROL PRIORITYHigher Priority D
27、riverHand ControlsLower Priority DriverHand ControlsAudible Horn 2-to-4 Wheel Drive TransferAudio (i.e., Volume, Selection Devices) Airbag DisableClimate Controls (Temp., fan) AshtrayCruise Controls Cigarette LighterDay/Night Mirror ClockGearshift Dome/Map LightsHand Brake Electronic Transmission Sh
28、ift PointHazard Flasher Fog/Driving LampsHeadlamp Hood ReleaseHeadlamp Dimmer/Flasher Overdrive On/OffIgnition Panel Illumination IntensityPower Door Lock Power Seat AdjustersPower Mirror Remote Fuel Door ReleasePower Windows Remote Trunk ReleaseRear Defroster Steering Wheel Tilt/TelescopeRear Washe
29、r/Wiper Telephone HandsetSteering Traction AssistTurn Signal Trip OdometerWindshield DefrosterWindshield Washer/WiperTABLE 2CONTROLS WHOS DISPLAY AREA SHOULD BE IN VIEWHigher Priority DriverHand ControlsLower Priority DriverHand ControlsAudible Horn 2-to-4 Wheel DriveAudio Controls Airbag DisableCli
30、mate Controls AshtrayCruise Controls Cigarette Lighter (except in the ashtray)Hazard Flashers ClockHeadlamp Dome Map LightsManual Gearshift Pattern Electronic Transmission Shift PointPower Door Lock Fog/Driving LampsPower Mirror Overdrive On/OffPower Windows Panel Illumination IntensityPRNDL Display
31、 Traction AssistRear Defroster Trip OdometerRear Washer/WiperWindshield DefrosterWindshield Washer/WiperCopyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1138 Reaffirmed AUG2009-5-4.3 LabelsThe fo
32、llowing driver hand controls should be labeled with printed words or symbols or both. The labelmay identify the function of the control or may describe its settings. In general, controls should have bothidentification and setting labels. However, in some cases, setting labels alone are adequate to i
33、dentify thecontrol function, or the uniqueness (shape, etc.) of the control is so widely recognizable that identificationlabels are not needed (e.g., ignition, if key cylinder). The driver hand controls shown in Table 3 are based onthe following application of human factors principles.a. Control fun
34、ctions should be identified with words, symbols, or both when they are:1. High priority2. Designed in such a way that visual, spatial, or location cues from the control itself, or its settings, arenot sufficient for identifying them3. In unexpected locations4. Highly similar to adjacent controls5. N
35、ew or unfamiliarb. Controls settings should be identified with words, symbols, or other perceptible indicators when theyare:1. Associated with high priority functions2. Not apparent from the shape of the control or the operation of the control4.4 Control Location Relative to Reference PlaneDriver ha
36、nd controls should be located in the standardlocations (shown in Table 4) if they meet one of the following conditions:a. They are classified as high-priority driver hand controls (under 4.1) orb. There is a very clear population stereotype for their location, orc. They are controls which must be ac
37、cessed from more than one occupant position (e.g., must beaccessed when the occupant is standing outside the vehicle)d. They are controls which must be accessed by both driver and passengerThe following driver hand controls should be located to the side of the reference plane indicated in Table 4 fo
38、rleft-hand drive vehicles (or in the location specifically called out in the subparagraphs which follow the table).TABLE 3CONTROLS THAT SHOULD BE LABELEDIdentification Both Identification and SettingSetting(Identification Optional)Audible Horn Airbag Disable 2-to-4 Wheel Drive TransferHand Release f
39、or Foot Climate Control Fan Audio ControlsOperated Parking Electronic Transmission Shift Point Automatic TransmissionBrake Fog/Driving Lamps Climate Control Air DistributionHazard Flasher Instrument Illumination ClockHood Release Master Lighting Control Cruise ControlsPower Seat Adjusters Overdrive
40、On/Off Dome LightRemote Fuel Release Power Mirror Power Door LockRemote Trunk Release Rear Defroster Power WindowsWindshield Defroster Rear Washer/WiperTraction AssistWindshield Washer/Interval WipeCopyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or net
41、working permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1138 Reaffirmed AUG2009-6-4.4.1 The audible horn control should be located on the steering control, preferably in the center.4.4.2 The hazard flasher should be located on or to the right of the reference plane.4.4.3 The washer/wiper control(s) may
42、be located either to the right or left of the reference plane. When both thegearshift and wiper controls are stalk mounted on the same side of the steering column, the washer/wipershould be physically differentiated from the gearshift and have an operational area that is closest to thesteering wheel
43、 rim.A differentiation between the operating modes of the washer/wiper control(s) and the headlamp controlshould exist when they are on the same side of the reference plane.4.5 After meeting the criteria given in 4.1 through 4.4, other criteria for arranging controls may be applied. Theseinclude fre
44、quency of use, sequence of use, functional grouping, importance, user expectancy, and userpreference. Information about driver preferences is given in 2.1.2.2.4.6 There is a clutter effect if too many or varied controls are located in a given area. As the number of controlsincrease, so do the errors
45、 and response times. Care should be exercised in the design of the controls toprovide differences in: appearance, tactile recognition, and the modes of operation. Examples of the types ofconditions to be avoided include:4.6.1 Climate control which is designed in such a way as to have the appearance
46、of a radio.4.6.2 Parking brake and hood release which are located side by side, and look alike.4.7 Other ControlsControls not specifically mentioned in this document should be located insofar as possible inaccordance with SAE publications concerning driver reach, control-locating performance, and ex
47、pectancies(References SAE J287, SAE J1050a, and SAE J1139).TABLE 4CONTROL LOCATIONSLeft of Reference Plane Right of Reference PlaneHand release for foot operated parking brake 2-to-4 Wheel TransferHeadlamp Airbag DisableHeadlamp Dimmer/Flasher AshtrayHood Release Audio Controls (all except redundant
48、 controls)Power Door Lock Cigarette LighterPower Mirror Climate Controls (all except redundant controls)Power Seat Adjusters ClockPower Windows Electronic Transmission Shift PointRemote Fuel Door Release GearshiftRemote Trunk Release Hand BrakeTurn Signal IgnitionInterior Day/Night MIrrorOverdrive O
49、n/OffTelephoneWindshield DefrosterCopyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1138 Reaffirmed AUG2009-7-5. Notes5.1 Marginal IndiciaThe change bar (l) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locatingareas where technical revisions have been made to th
