1、 _ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising ther
2、efrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2016 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this
3、publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-49
4、70 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J1095_201606 SURFACE VEHICLE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE J1095 JUN2016 Issued 1982-06 R
5、evised 2016-06Superseding J1095 OCT2009 Fatigue Test Procedures: Hubs and Wheels for Demountable Rims RATIONALE During the 5-year review, “test fixture adaptor plate” was made consistent in Figure 1 where the terms “test fixture adaptor plate” and “adaptor plate” were previously used. “slr” and “d”
6、dimensions were referenced as “m(in)” where “mmx10-3(in) was previously used. Table 3 data in “mm” was converted to “m” units. Table 1 added mounting system column and corrected hole pattern diameters, 8.000 corrected to 8.071 inch, Added row for 13.188 inch bolt circle. Removed 170mm bolt circle. H
7、ub bolt circles are listed in units native to each mounting system. 17.15 was 17.16. Bottom note for plate stress was removed. Reference to SAE J694 dimensions was added. Equation 1 font now italics. 3.2.3 “Equation 1” removed from equation description. Table 2, note 2 was clarified to show dry torq
8、ue meaning no additional lubricants from a fastener in new condition. Added section 2.1.2 for tire and rim association reference. Section 3.2.3, 3.3.3, and 3.3.4: S is defined as the “accelerated load factor” and was “test factor”. Note of table 1 was removed as being obsolete and unnecessary. Table
9、 3 note for tire sizes not shown was reworded to match J267. Added “http:/www.us-tra-org to bottom note. Table 4 was moved to section 3.3.4 and was in section 3.5. Cells of table 4 are merged and centered. 1. SCOPE This SAE Recommended Practice provides uniform laboratory procedures for fatigue test
10、ing of wheels for demountable rims and hubs intended for normal highway use on trucks, buses, truck trailers, and multipurpose passenger vehicles. The hubs included have bolt circle diameters from 165.1 to 335.0 mm (6.500 to 13.189 in). It is up to each hub and/or wheel for demountable rims manufact
11、urer to determine what test method, accelerated load factor and cycle life requirements are applicable to obtain satisfactory service life in a given application. When deviations from the procedures recommended herein are made, it is the responsibility of the hub and/or wheel for demountable rims de
12、veloper to modify other parameters to obtain satisfactory service life. SAE INTERNATIONAL J1095 JUN2016 Page 2 of 10 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE
13、 publications shall apply. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J393 Nomenclature - Wheels, Hubs, and Rims for Commercial Vehicles SAE J
14、694 Disc Wheel/Hub or Drum Interface Dimensions - Truck and Bus SAE J851 Dimensions - Wheels for Demountable Rims, Demountable Rims, and Spacer Bands - Truck and Bus SAE J1835 Fastener Hardware for Wheels for Demountable Rims 2.1.2 Tire and Rim Association Publication Available from the Tire and Rim
15、 Association, Inc., 175 Montrose West Avenue, Suite 150, Copley, OH 44321. Engineering Design Information. http:/www.us-tra.org. 3. TEST PROCEDURES 3.1 Wheels for Demountable Rims and Hubs for Test Use only fully processed wheels for demountable rims or hubs which are representative of production pa
16、rts intended for vehicle installation. New wheels for demountable rims or hubs and related parts shall be used for each test. If the wheel for demountable rims or hub application is always used with a brake drum or rotor, the wheel for demountable rims or hub may be tested with a brake drum or rotor
17、 attached. If the wheel for demountable rims or hub application is ever to be used without a brake drum or rotor, the wheel for demountable rims or hub must be tested without a brake drum or rotor attached. 3.2 Hub Dynamic Cornering Fatigue Test 3.2.1 Equipment The test machine shall be one with a m
18、eans to impart a constant rotating bending moment and radial load to the hub (see Figure 1). Test fixture adaptor dimensions are described in Table 1. SAE INTERNATIONAL J1095 JUN2016 Page 3 of 10 Figure 1 - Hubs: Cornering fatigue test (typical set-up) d = INSET OF WHEEL FROM TEST FIXTURE ADAPTOR PL
19、ATE x = TEST FIXTURE ADAPTOR PLATE THICKNESS y = TEST FIXTURE ADAPTOR PLATE BOLT CIRCLE (B.C.) slr = STATIC LOADED RADIUS OF TIRE TEST FIXTURE ADAPTOR PLATE SAE INTERNATIONAL J1095 JUN2016 Page 4 of 10 Table 1 - Test fixture adaptor dimensions Mounting System Hub Bolt Circle Diameter mm Hub Bolt Cir
20、cle Diameter in X Plate Thickness mm X Plate Thickness in Y Plate Outside Bolt Circle Diameter mm Y Plate Outside Bolt Circle Diameter in I, VI 6.500 22.22 0.875 317.50 12.50 XIII 205.00 20.00 0.787 317.50 12.50 V, VIII, IX, XVI 222.25 8.750 19.05 0.750 317.50 12.50 XVII, XVIII 225.00 19.05 0.750 31
21、7.50 12.50 II, XIV 275.00 22.22 0.875 444.50 17.50 III, X, XI 285.75 11.250 22.22 0.875 444.50 17.50 XII 13.188 17.15 0.675 444.50 17.50 IV 335.00 17.15 0.675 444.50 17.50 Mounting system per SAE J694Disc Wheel/Hub or Drum Interface Dimensions - Truck and Bus. 3.2.2 Procedure Mount the hub assembly
22、to a test fixture adaptor using wheel nuts representative of those required by the application, and torqued to the limits specified in Table 2 for the appropriate application. Bearings and test speed may be adjusted so as to maximize bearing life; however, bearing adjustments may not necessarily be
23、those recommended for commercial practice. Excessively loose bearings may change the failure mode of the hub structure. The mating surfaces of the test adaptor and hub shall be free of paint, dirt, or foreign matter. The final clamped position of the hub without load must not exceed an eccentricity
24、of 0.25 mm (0.010 in) total indicator reading normal to the shaft axis at the point of loading. The system shall maintain the specified load within 3%. The application of the test load shall be parallel to the plane of the wheel mounting surface of the hub assembly at a specified distance (moment ar
25、m) as shown in Figure 1. 3.2.3 Test Load and Bending Moment Determination The test load is determined by: )FigureSee(ArmMomentMLoadTest 1 (Eq. 1)M is determined by the formula: SdslrLM P)( (Eq. 2)where: M = Bending moment, N-m (lbf-in) P = Coefficient of friction developed between tire and road, use
26、 0.7 for P . slr = Largest static loaded radius of the tires to be used with the hub on the wheel as specified by the current Tire and Rim Association Yearbook or the vehicle/wheel manufacturer, m(in). Use the values of slr found in Table 3. d = Inset or outset (positive for inset, negative for outs
27、et) of the wheel, m (in), as measured from the centerline of the rim to the wheel mounting surface of the hub assembly. For hubs used only with dual wheels, d is zero. For hubs used with single wheels and d values other than zero, use the largest absolute value. SAE INTERNATIONAL J1095 JUN2016 Page
28、5 of 10 S = Accelerated Load Factor: L = Load rating of the hub as specified by the hub manufacturer, N (lbf) Table 2 - Mounting nut torques for laboratory wheel/rim tests Application(1)Thread Size Dry Torque(2) +10%-0% N-m Dry Torque(2) +10%-0% lbf-ft Disc Wheels M12 x 1.5 110 80 Light Truck 7/16 -
29、 20 110 80 60 degrees Cone Nuts 1/2 -20 110 80 9/16 - 18 170 1255/8 - 18 170 125 Hub Piloted Mounting 9/16 - 18 160 120 1-piece Nut 11/16 - 16 410 300 Hub Piloted Mounting 9/16 - 18 170 125 2-piece Nut 5/8 - 18 180 130 3/4 - 16 410 300 7/8 - 14(3)480 3507/8 - 14 610 450 M12 X 1.75 115 8514 x 1.75 18
30、0 130M14 X 2.0 150 11018 X 1.5 260 190 M20 X 1.5 380 28022 X 1.5 610 450Hub Piloted Mounting 9/16 - 18 150 110 with Clamp Plate and M14 x 1.5 150 110 90 degree Cone Nuts 5/8 - 18 180 130 Ball Seat Mounting 3/4 - 16 610 450 1-1/8 - 16 610 450Heavy-Duty Ball 15/16 - 12 1020 750 Seat Mounting 1-5/16 -
31、12 1020 750 Demountable Rims 3/4 - 10 270 200 Studs and Nuts 1. For applications and sizes not shown, use torque recommendations prescribed by the wheel/rim or vehicle manufacturer. 2. Dry torque means no additional lubricants are applied to the fasteners in new condition. 3. Bus Front. Nut torque v
32、alues shall be checked and reset periodically during the course of a test in order to compensate for “wearing in” of mating surfaces. COMMONLY USED 1.0 1.2 1.4 SAE INTERNATIONAL J1095 JUN2016 Page 6 of 10 Table 3 - Static loaded radii for bending moment calculations Size slr m slr in Size slr m slr
33、in 5 degree Tubeless - 15 degree (continued) 8.25R20 .452 17.8 9R22.5 .460 18.19.00R20 .480 18.9 10R22.5 .480 18.9 10.00R20 .495 19.5 11R22.5 .506 19.911.00R20 .513 20.2 12R22.5 .513 20.2 12.00R20 .523 20.6 255/70R22.5 .439 17.314.00R20 .569 22.4 275/70R22.5 .452 17.8 365/80R20 .503 19.8 305/70R22.5
34、 .465 18.3365/70R22.5 .498 19.611.00R22 .539 21.2 245/75R22.5 .447 17.6 265/75R22.5 .462 18.211.00R24 .559 22.0 295/75R22.5 .485 19.1 12.00R24 .572 22.5 235/80R22.5 .442 17.4255/80R22.5 .455 17.9275/80R22.5 .478 18.8295/80R22.5 .493 19.4 315/80R22.5 .511 20.111R24.5 .531 20.9Tubeless - 15 degree 12R
35、24.5 .539 21.2 9R17.5 .391 15.4 285/75R24.5 .500 19.710R17.5 .399 15.7 305/75R24.5 .508 20.010R17.5HC .409 16.1 275/80R24.5 .490 19.3 215/75R17.5 .363 14.3 Wide Base - Tubeless - 15 degree 445/65R19.5 .495 19.58R19.5 .406 16.0 225/70R19.5 .389 15.3 445/50R22.5 .483 19.0245/70R19.5 .399 15.7 455/55R2
36、2.5 .495 19.5 265/70R19.5 .404 15.9 385/65R22.5 .506 19.9285/70R19.5 .414 16.3 425/65R22.5 .526 20.7 305/70R19.5 .424 16.7 445/65R22.5 .539 21.2For tire sizes not shown, the reference static loaded radius (slr) is determined by the equations as shown in the current Tire and Rim Association, Inc. Eng
37、ineering Design Information (EDI), http:/www.us-tra.org. 3.3 Wheels for Demountable Rims, Dynamic Cornering Fatigue Test 3.3.1 Equipment The test machine shall be such that either the wheel for demountable rims rotates under the influence of a stationary bending moment, or the stationary wheel for d
38、emountable rims is subjected to a rotating bending moment (see Figure 2). SAE INTERNATIONAL J1095 JUN2016 Page 7 of 10 3.3.2 Procedure The wheel for demountable rims shall be clamped securely to the test device using studs and nuts representative of those specified for the wheel assembly. The rim cl
39、amp nuts shall be tightened to the torque limits specified in Table 2 for the thread size listed for wheels for demountable rims. Bearings and test speed may be adjusted so as to maximize bearing life; however, bearing adjustments may not necessarily be those recommended for commercial practice. Exc
40、essively loose bearings may change the failure mode of the wheel structure. The mating surface of the test adaptor and wheel for demountable rims shall be free of excessive buildup of paint, dirt, or foreign material. A rigid load arm shaft shall be attached to the hub of the wheel for demountable r
41、ims. The final clamped position of the wheel without load shall not exceed 0.25 mm (0.010 in) total indicator reading normal to the shaft axis at the point of loading. The load system must maintain the specified test load within 3%. 3.3.3 Test Load and Bending Moment Determination The test load is d
42、etermined by: )2( FigureSeeArmMomentMLoadTest (Eq. 3)M is determined by the formula: )()()( SslrLM P (Eq. 4)where: M = Bending moment, N-m (lbf-in) P = Coefficient of friction developed between tire and road, use 0.7 for P . slr = Largest static loaded radius of the tires to be used on the wheel for
43、 demountable rims as specified by the current Tire and Rim Association Yearbook or the vehicle/wheel manufacturer, m(in). Use the values of slr found in Table 3. S = Accelerated load factor. See Table 4. L = Load rating of the wheel for demountable rims as specified by the wheel manufacturer, N (lbf
44、) 3.3.4 Accelerated Load Factor and Cycle Requirements Table 4 - Typical “S” factors and cycle life for ferrous wheels SAE J1095 Paragraph Load Angle Moment Arm Accelerated Load Factor Minimum Cycle Life 3.3 90 Degrees See Figure 2 1.9 35 000 1.5 100 000 SAE INTERNATIONAL J1095 JUN2016 Page 8 of 10
45、3.4 Test Termination Definitions 3.4.1 Inability to sustain load. 3.4.2 A visually detected fatigue crack penetrating through a section. 3.4.3 Loose bearing cup. 3.4.4 Broken studs before 20 000 cycles. 3.5 Test Disqualification If any failure of the test fixture or associated parts (i.e., shaft, be
46、arings, adaptor plate, etc.) occurs during test, the test may be disqualified if the failure is deemed to have affected the life characteristics of the wheel for demountable rims or hub under test. SAE INTERNATIONAL J1095 JUN2016 Page 9 of 10 Figure 2 - Wheels for demountable rims: cornering fatigue
47、 test (typical set-up) SAE INTERNATIONAL J1095 JUN2016 Page 10 of 10 4. NOTES 4.1 Revision Indicator A change bar (I) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical revisions, not editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of this documen
48、t. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the document, including technical revisions. Change bars and (R) are not used in original publications, nor in documents that contain editorial changes only. PREPARED BY THE SAE TRUCK AND BUS WHEEL COMMITTEE OF THE SAE TRUCK AND BUS BRAKE AND STABILITY CONTROL STEERING COMMITTEE
