1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2009 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication ma
3、y be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)
4、Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSURFACEVEHICLERECOMMENDEDPRACTICEJ1095 OCT2009 Issued 1982-06 Revised 2009-10 Superseding J1095 MAR2003 Fatigue Test Procedures: Hubs and Wheels for Demountable Rims RATIONALEDuring the 5-year review we added the test
5、fixture adapter dimensions for metric mounting systems XVII and XVIII along with the mounting nut torque values for the M14X2, 2-piece flange nut which makes this document consistent with SAE J694. We also upgraded Table 2 “Mounting Nut Torques for Laboratory Wheel/Rim Tests“, and Table 3 “Static Lo
6、aded Radii for Bending Moment Calculation“ to be consistent with the tables in SAE J267. Also, the nomenclature for the spoke wheel was changed to wheel for demountable rims. The angular cornering fatigue test (40 degree) method and the dynamic radial fatigue test method were removed from this docum
7、ent as they are no longer being used. 1. SCOPE This SAE Recommended Practice provides uniform laboratory procedures for fatigue testing of wheels for demountable rims and hubs intended for normal highway use on trucks, buses, truck trailers, and multipurpose passenger vehicles. The hubs included hav
8、e bolt circle diameters from 165.1 to 335.0 mm (6.50 to 13.19 in). It is up to each hub and/or wheel for demountable rims developer to determine what test method, accelerated load factor and cycle life requirements are applicable to obtain satisfactory service life in a given application. When devia
9、tions from the procedures recommended herein are made, it is the responsibility of the hub and/or wheel for demountable rims developer to modify other parameters to obtain satisfactory service life. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Publications The following publications form a part of the specification
10、 to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest revision of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.s
11、ae.org.SAE J393 NomenclatureWheels, Hubs, and Rims for Commercial Vehicles SAE J694 Disc Wheel/Hub or Drum Interface DimensionsTruck and Bus SAE J851 DimensionsWheels for Demountable Rims, Demountable Rims, and Spacer BandsTruck and Bus SAE J1835 Fastener Hardware for Wheels for Demountable Rims Cop
12、yright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1095 Revised OCT2009 Page 2 of 103. TEST PROCEDURES 3.1 Wheels for Demountable Rims and Hubs for Test Use only fully processed wheels for demountable
13、 rims or hubs which are representative of production parts intended for vehicle installation. New wheels for demountable rims or hubs and related parts shall be used for each test. If the wheel for demountable rims or hub application is always used with a brake drum or rotor, the wheel for demountab
14、le rims or hub may be tested with a brake drum or rotor attached. If the wheel for demountable rims or hub application is ever to be used without a brake drum or rotor, the wheel for demountable rims or hub must be tested without a brake drum or rotor attached.3.2 Hub Dynamic Cornering Fatigue Test
15、3.2.1 Equipment The test machine shall be one with a means to impart a constant rotating bending moment and radial load to the hub (see Figure 1). Test fixture adaptor dimensions are described in Table 1. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction
16、 or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1095 Revised OCT2009 Page 3 of 10FIGURE 1 HUBS: CORNERING FATIGUE TEST (TYPICAL SET-UP) Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE
17、J1095 Revised OCT2009 Page 4 of 10TABLE 1 - TEST FIXTURE ADAPTOR DIMENSIONS Hub Bolt CircleDiametermmHub Bolt CircleDiameterinXPlateThicknessmmXPlateThicknessinYPlate Outside BoltCircle Diameter mmYPlate Outside Bolt Circle Diameter in165.10 6.500 22.22 0.875 317.50 12.50 170.00 22.22 0.875 317.50 1
18、2.50 205.00 8.000 20.00 0.787 317.50 12.50 222.25 8.750 19.05 0.750 317.50 12.50 225.00 - 19.05 0.750 317.50 12.50 275.00 22.22 0.875 444.50 17.50 285.75 11.250 22.22 0.875 444.50 17.50 335.00 13.188 17.16 0.675 444.50 17.50 NOTE: These steel plate thickness selections give 131 to 145 MPa (19 000 to
19、 21 000 psi) radial bending stress at the inner bolt circle of the adaptor plate when loaded with the typical test loading for each specified bolt circle. 3.2.2 Procedure Mount the hub assembly to a test fixture adaptor using wheel nuts representative of those required by the application, and torque
20、d to the limits specified in Table 2 for the appropriate application. Bearings and test speed may be adjusted so as to maximize bearing life; however, bearing adjustments may not necessarily be those recommended for commercial practice. Excessively loose bearings may change the failure mode of the h
21、ub structure. The mating surfaces of the test adaptor and hub shall be free of paint, dirt, or foreign matter. The final clamped position of the hub without load must not exceed an eccentricity of 0.25 mm (0.010 in) total indicator reading normal to the shaft axis at the point of loading. The system
22、 shall maintain the specified load within 3%. The application of the test load shall be parallel to the plane of the wheel mounting surface of the hub assembly at a specified distance (moment arm) as shown in Figure 1. 3.2.3 Test Load and Bending Moment Determination The test load is determined by E
23、quation 1: )1FigureSee(ArmMomentMLoadTest = (Eq. 1) M is determined by the formula: ()()SdslrLM += )( (Eq. 2) where:M = Bending moment, N-m (lbf-in) = Coefficient of friction developed between tire and road, use 0.7 for .slr = Largest static loaded radius of the tires to be used with the hub on the
24、wheel as specified by the current Tire and Rim Association Yearbook or the vehicle/wheel manufacturer, mm x 10-3(in). Use the values of slr found in Table 3. d = Inset or outset (positive for inset, negative for outset) of the wheel, millimeters x 10-3(in), as measured from the centerline of the rim
25、 to the wheel mounting surface of the hub assembly. For hubs used only with dual wheels, d is zero. For hubs used with single wheels and d values other than zero, use the largest absolute value. S = Test factor. The following test factors are used: 1.0, 1.2, and 1.4. L = Load rating of the hub as sp
26、ecified by the hub manufacturer, N (lbf) Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1095 Revised OCT2009 Page 5 of 10TABLE 2 - MOUNTING NUT TORQUES FOR LABORATORY WHEEL/RIM TESTS Applicatio
27、n(1)ThreadSize Dry Torque(2)+10%-0%N-mDry Torque(2)+10%-0%lbf-ftDisc Wheels M12 x 1.5 110 80 Light Truck 7/16 - 20 110 80 60 degrees Cone Nuts 1/2 -20 110 80 9/16 - 18 170 125 5/8 - 18 170 125 Hub Piloted Mounting 9/16 - 18 160 120 1-piece Nut 11/16 - 16 410 300 Hub Piloted Mounting 9/16 - 18 170 12
28、5 2-piece Nut 5/8 - 18 180 130 3/4 - 16 410 300 7/8 - 14(3)480 350 7/8 - 14 610 450 M12 X 1.75 115 85 M14 x 1.75 180 130 M14 X 2.0 150 110 M18 X 1.5 260 190 M20 X 1.5 380 280 M22 X 1.5 610 450 Hub Piloted Mounting 9/16 - 18 150 110 with Clamp Plate and M14 x 1.5 150 110 90 degree Cone Nuts 5/8 - 18
29、180 130 Ball Seat Mounting 3/4 - 16 610 450 1-1/8 - 16 610 450 Heavy-Duty Ball 15/16 - 12 1020 750 Seat Mounting 1-5/16 - 12 1020 750 Demountable Rims 3/4 - 10 270 200 Studs and Nuts 1. For applications and sizes not shown, use torque recommendations prescribed by the wheel/rim or vehicle manufactur
30、er.2. Dry torque means no additional lubricants are applied. 3. Bus Front.Nut torque values shall be checked and reset periodically during the course of a test in order to compensate for “wearing in” of mating surfaces. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for Resale
31、No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1095 Revised OCT2009 Page 6 of 10TABLE 3 - STATIC LOADED RADII FOR BENDING MOMENT CALCULATIONS Size slrmmslrin Size slrmmslrin5 degree Tubeless - 15 degree (continued) 8.25R20 452 17.8 9R22.5 460 18.1 9.00R20 480 18.9 10R22.5
32、480 18.9 10.00R20 495 19.5 11R22.5 506 19.9 11.00R20 513 20.2 12R22.5 513 20.2 12.00R20 523 20.6 255/70R22.5 439 17.3 14.00R20 569 22.4 275/70R22.5 452 17.8 365/80R20 503 19.8 305/70R22.5 465 18.3 365/70R22.5 498 19.6 11.00R22 539 21.2 245/75R22.5 447 17.6 265/75R22.5 462 18.2 11.00R24 559 22.0 295/
33、75R22.5 485 19.1 12.00R24 572 22.5 235/80R22.5 442 17.4 255/80R22.5 455 17.9 275/80R22.5 478 18.8 295/80R22.5 493 19.4 315/80R22.5 511 20.1 11R24.5 531 20.9 Tubeless - 15 degree 12R24.5 539 21.2 9R17.5 391 15.4 285/75R24.5 500 19.7 10R17.5 399 15.7 305/75R24.5 508 20.0 10R17.5HC 409 16.1 275/80R24.5
34、 490 19.3 215/75R17.5 363 14.3 Wide Base - Tubeless - 15 degree 445/65R19.5 495 19.5 8R19.5 406 16.0 225/70R19.5 389 15.3 445/50R22.5 483 19.0 245/70R19.5 399 15.7 455/55R22.5 495 19.5 265/70R19.5 404 15.9 385/65R22.5 506 19.9 285/70R19.5 414 16.3 425/65R22.5 526 20.7 305/70R19.5 424 16.7 445/65R22.
35、5 539 21.2 For tire sizes not shown, use the slr listed in the individual tire manufacturers Tire Data Book Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1095 Revised OCT2009 Page 7 of 103.3 W
36、heels for Demountable Rims, Dynamic Cornering Fatigue Test 3.3.1 Equipment The test machine shall be such that either the wheel for demountable rims rotates under the influence of a stationary bending moment, or the stationary wheel for demountable rims is subjected to a rotating bending moment (see
37、 Figure 2). 3.3.2 Procedure The wheel for demountable rims shall be clamped securely to the test device using studs and nuts representative of those specified for the wheel assembly. The rim clamp nuts shall be tightened to the torque limits specified in Table 2 for the thread size listed for wheels
38、 for demountable rims. Bearings and test speed may be adjusted so as to maximize bearing life; however, bearing adjustments may not necessarily be those recommended for commercial practice. Excessively loose bearings may change the failure mode of the wheel structure. The mating surface of the test
39、adaptor and wheel for demountable rims shall be free of excessive buildup of paint, dirt, or foreign material. A rigid load arm shaft shall be attached to the hub of the wheel for demountable rims. The final clamped position of the wheel without load shall not exceed 0.25 mm (0.010 in) total indicat
40、or reading normal to the shaft axis at the point of loading. The load system must maintain the specified test load within 3%. 3.3.3 Test Load and Bending Moment Determination The test load is determined by: )3FigureSee(ArmMomentMLoadTest = (Eq. 6) M is determined by the formula: )()()( SslrLM = (Eq.
41、 7) where:M = Bending moment, N-m (lbf-in) = Coefficient of friction developed between tire and road, use 0.7 for .slr = Largest static loaded radius of the tires to be used on the wheel for demountable rims as specified by the current Tire and Rim Association Yearbook or the vehicle/wheel manufactu
42、rer, mm x 10-3(in). Use the values of slr found in Table 3. S = Accelerated test factor. See Table 4. L = Load rating of the wheel for demountable rims as specified by the wheel manufacturer, N (lbf) 3.3.4 Accelerated Test Factor and Cycle Requirements Refer to Table 5. 3.4 Test Termination Definiti
43、ons 3.4.1 Inability to sustain load. 3.4.2 A visually detected fatigue crack penetrating through a section. 3.4.3 Loose bearing cup. 3.4.4 Broken studs before 20 000 cycles. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted withou
44、t license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1095 Revised OCT2009 Page 8 of 103.5 Test Disqualification If any failure of the test fixture or associated parts (i.e., shaft, bearings, adaptor plate, etc.) occurs during test, the testmay be disqualified if the failure is deemed to have affected the life characteristic
45、s of the wheel for demountable rims or hub under test. TABLE 4 - TYPICAL “S” FACTORS AND CYCLE LIFE FOR FERROUS WHEELS SAE J1095 Paragraph Load Angle Moment Arm AcceleratedTest FactorMinimumCycle Life 3.3 90 Degrees See Figure 2 1.9 35 000 1.5 100 000 Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS unde
46、r license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1095 Revised OCT2009 Page 9 of 10FIGURE 2 - WHEELS FOR DEMOUNTABLE RIMS: CORNERING FATIGUE TEST (TYPICAL SET-UP) Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleN
47、o reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1095 Revised OCT2009 Page 10 of 104. NOTES 4.1 Marginal Indicia A change bar (I) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical revisions, not editorial changes, have been made t
48、o the previous issue of this document. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the document, including technical revisions. Change bars and (R) are not used in original publications, nor in documents that contain editorial changes only. PREPARED BY THE SAE TRUCK AND BUS WHEEL COMMITTEE OF THE SAE TRUCK AND BUS BRAKE AND STABILITY CONTROL ADVISORY GROUP Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license wit
