1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2011 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication ma
3、y be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside US
4、A) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AS6554AEROSPACESTANDARDAS6554 Issued 2011-07Superseding ARP6022 Cargo Stopper Devices RATIONALE
5、This Aerospace Standard was prepared in order to replace former Aerospace Recommended Practice ARP6022, developed in order to specify basic design, performance and testing requirements for cargo tie-down accessories known as “Cargo Stoppers”, which are commonly used but were not defined in any appli
6、cable standard. Sub-committee AGE-2A determined that, because these devices were used as part of tie-down arrangements meeting airworthiness criteria, they should be covered by a standard rather than a recommendation. The only technical changes are added flammability requirements.FOREWORDIn this doc
7、ument, the minimum essential criteria are identified by the use of the key word “shall”. Other recommended criteria are identified by the key word “should” and, while not mandatory, are considered to be of primary importance in providing reliable and effective Cargo Stopper devices. TABLE OF CONTENT
8、S 1. SCOPE 21.1 Purpose . 21.2 Field of Application 22. REFERENCES 22.1 Applicable Documents 22.2 Definitions . 33. REQUIREMENTS . 34. TESTING . 45. MARKINGS . 56. OPERATORS RESPONSIBILITIES . 5FIGURE 1 TYPICAL CARGO STOPPER DEVICES EXAMPLES . 6Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under licen
9、se with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE AS6554 Page 2 of 61. SCOPE 1.1 Purpose 1.1.1 The purpose of this SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) is to standardize the basic design, performance and testing requirements for “Cargo Stoppers” cargo tie-down
10、accessories to be used in conjunction with approved tie-down straps meeting AS5385C (TSO C-172) requirements. 1.1.2 The lack of an agreed industry standard resulted in uncertainties about their operational capabilities, so that it was deemed advisable to specify the applicable design, minimum perfor
11、mance and testing requirements, since Cargo Stoppers are used as part of cargo tie-down arrangements that must meet regulatory airworthiness requirements.1.2 Field of Application 1.2.1 The Cargo Stopper devices specified by this Aerospace Standard (AS) are intended to be used in either of the operat
12、ional circumstances defined in 1.2.2, 1.2.3 and 1.2.4 hereafter. 1.2.2 A Cargo Stopper device should be used to ensure restraint / tie-down of a piece of cargo that does not lend itself to either direct hooking of tie-down straps or passing a strap around without risk of slippage. A common example i
13、s long cargo items with a narrow cross-section, whether or not overhanging from the pallet, individual or in bundles, e.g. pipes or beams. See 6.4 in ARP5595A, Cargo Restraint Straps Utilization Guidelines. 1.2.3 A Cargo Stopper device shall be used to restrain cargo identified as “piercing”, presen
14、ting a hazard to the aircraft in the event of it being released during flight. 1.2.4 A Cargo Stopper device shall also be used whenever a crate containing cargo, even though its cross-section is large enough to be directly tied-down with the pallet net or straps, contains or may contain a heavy item
15、, e.g. piece of machinery, shaft, or similar with a cross-section lower than the pallet nets mesh size. NOTE: such “hidden” items have been known to break free from insufficiently strong crates when subjected to in-flight accelerations, then pass due to their small size through the net mesh restrain
16、ing the crate and be released into the cargo compartment. 1.2.5 In addition, a Cargo Stopper device may also be used to assist in tying-down odd shaped cargo pieces where it is difficult or not allowed to directly attach tie-down straps or pass them around the load in an effective manner.2. REFERENC
17、ES The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this do
18、cument and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 2.1 Applicable Documents 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwea
19、lth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.orgAS5385C Cargo Restraint Straps Design Criteria and Testing Methods ARP5595 Cargo Restraint Straps Utilization Guidelines AS33601 Track and Stud Fitting for Cargo Transport Aircra
20、ft, Standard Dimensions forCopyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE AS6554 Page 3 of 62.1.3 IATA Publications Available from International Air Transport Association, Publications Assistant
21、, 800 Place Victoria, P.O. Box 113, Montral, Qubec H4Z 1M1, Canada, Tel: 1-514-874-0202, www.iata.orgAirport Handling Manual AHM 311 Securing of load Unit Load Devices Technical Manual SS 60/2 Air cargo restraint straps 2.1.4 FAA Publications Available from Federal Aviation Administration, 800 Indep
22、endence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20591, Tel: 866-835-5322, www.faa.gov.Federal Aviation Regulations Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations (14CFR) Part 25 Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Airplanes, Amendment 25-72, Appendix F FAA Technical Standard Order TSO C-172, Cargo Restraint Straps
23、 2.1.2 ISO Publications Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002, Tel: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org.ISO 7166 Aircraft Rail and stud configuration for passenger equipment and cargo restraint ISO 9788 Air cargo equipment Cast component of double
24、stud tie-down fittings having an omni-directional rated load capacity of 22 500 N (5 000 lbf) or above ISO 12236 Geotextiles and geotextile-related products Static puncture test (CBR test) ISO 16049-1 Air cargo equipment Restraint straps Part 1: Design criteria and testing methods ISO 16049-2 Air ca
25、rgo equipment Restraint straps Part 2: Utilization guidelines and lashing calculations 2.2 DefinitionsFor the purposes of the present AS, the following definition applies : PIERCING CARGO : any piece of cargo of a piercing or penetrating nature, such as rods, pipes, extrusions, beams, etc, that coul
26、d become a projectile under flight operational loads.3. REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Cargo Stopper devices (see typical examples in Figure 1 hereafter) shall be built from sewn lengths of cargo restraint straps grade webbing, performing two different roles: a. tension straps connecting to the main restraint arr
27、angement straps and able to withstand the same forces,b. interlinking straps forming a weblike structure in order to prevent passage of small cross-section items, stitched together with supplemental continuous flexible material to fill the gaps between webbing straps. 3.2 The tension straps shall co
28、nsist of a single uninterrupted piece of webbing with a rated tension load of at least22 500 N (5 000 lbf), consistent with that mostly used to manufacture cargo restraint straps. They shall meet the AS5385C requirements applicable to the webbing and stitching. Copyright SAE International Provided b
29、y IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE AS6554 Page 4 of 63.3 The tension straps shall be equipped at each end with fittings allowing their attachement to standard cargo restraint straps as per AS5385C, and to pallet net rope
30、 as appropriate. The fittings may be hooks, rings or D rings, tie-down fittings or pieces of tie-down track, or a combination thereof. No tension device is required. 3.3.1 Hooks shall be equipped with a retainer and strong enough to withstand the rated load without deformation. 3.3.2 Rings or D ring
31、s shall be strong enough to withstand the rated load without deformation. Open rings or D rings are not permitted. Any gaps in bent wire shall be welded to provide an uninterrupted circumference. 3.3.3 Tie-down fttings where used shall be of the double stud type and conform with ISO 9788 strength re
32、quirements. 3.3.4 Tie-down track where used shall conform with AS33601 (ISO 7166) requirements. 3.4 The interlinking straps may be of lesser grade webbing for flexibility, but their assembly shall ensure the total rated tension load of at least 22 500 N (5000 lbf). Their geometric arrangement shall
33、form a web ensuring the largest empty space between straps does not exceed a 100 mm (4.0 in) diameter circle. They shall be stitched together and with the tension straps at intersections. Webbing and stitching shall meet applicable AS5385C requirements. 3.5 The total area covered by the web of restr
34、aining straps shall be at least more than a typical pallet nets mesh size, i.e. 300 x 300 mm (12 x 12 in) diamond 400 x 400 mm (16 x 16 in) square , thus a minimum of 1600 cm ( 250 sq.in). It is recommended to consider total areas up to 4 800 cm ( 750 sq.in), usually limited by the desired units wei
35、ght and flexibility to adapt to various shapes of cargo. 3.6 In addition, the area covered by the restraining straps web shall also be covered by a strong tarpaulin section, or other equivalent continuous flexible filling material as puncture-proof as possible, stitched to the straps, in order to pr
36、event passage of smaller items.3.7 All materials used in the Cargo Stopper assembly, including sewing and any treatment, shall meet the flammability test criteria of FAR Part 25 Appendix F, Part I, paragraph (a)(1)(v), as amended by Amendment 25-72: it may not have a burn rate greater than 100 mm (4
37、.0 in) per minute when tested horizontally with the apparatus and test procedures required in Appendix F, Part I, paragraph (b)(5).3.8 All hardware, e.g. rings, hooks, etc used in the Cargo Stopper assembly shall be corrosion resistant. 4. TESTING 4.1 Load Test 4.1.1 Cargo Stopper devices shall be l
38、oad tested prior to delivery. Three test specimens randomly selected from the same production batch shall be used for each test, and the test results recorded for each specimen. The rated ultimate load (UL) shall not exceed the lowest recorded breaking force (BF). 4.1.2 The test shall consist in app
39、lying steps 1, 3, 4 and 5 of the load test defined for straps in paragraph 5 of AS5385C between both ends of one of the assembled tension straps. Testing is deemed successful if rupture occurred at a load higher than the rated ultimate load (UL), and any damage observed under the ultimate load did n
40、ot exceed the allowances.4.2 Puncture Test 4.2.1 The filling tarpaulin material shall be tested for puncture resistance. Five wetted specimens shall be tested using the apparatus, plunger and methodology of ISO 12236, at a pushing rate of 50 10 mm/min (2 3/8 inch/min). 4.2.2 The mean push-through fo
41、rce in kN (lbf) measured at full puncture through the material shall be recorded. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE AS6554 Page 5 of 64.3 Flammability Test 4.3.1 The webbing and gap
42、-filling material in their production condition, after any treatment, shall both be tested for flammability performance in accordance with FAR Part 25 Appendix F, Part I, paragraph (a)(1)(v), as amended by Amendment 25-72. See 3.7 above for minimum performance requirements. 4.3.2 The flammability te
43、st shall be performed on a minimum of three each webbing or gap-filling material specimens, and the results averaged. The results shall be recorded in a test report to be provided to the purchaser at or before time of delivery of each production batch. 4.4 Other Tests 4.4.1 Due to the limited overal
44、l length of the device, no elongation test is required. 4.4.2 Due to the absence of tensioning devices or other moving parts, no cycling test is required. 4.5 Test Report 4.5.1 A test report including the results of the tests in 4.1 and 4.2 above shall be handed over to the purchaser by the manufact
45、urer.4.5.2 The test report shall include, or be accompanied by, a certificate of conformity with the requirements of the present AS and a Component Maintenance Sheet (CMS) indicating any limitations applicable in the event of damage.5. MARKINGS 5.1 Each Cargo Stopper unit should bear a permanently a
46、ffixed label, indicating at least: x Manufacturers identification, x Reference to SAE AS6554, x Weight to the nearest lb or kg (optional), x Rated ultimate load between two opposite end fittings, x Date of manufacture if applicable (see 5.2 hereafter), x Production batch number and expiry date if ap
47、plicable (see 5.2 hereafter). 5.2 Consideration shall be given to available data regarding potential environment degradation of the component straps and filling materials. This may result into either an appropriate safety factor being used in selecting the materials (no time limit), or an expiry dat
48、e after which the rated performance level may not be maintained. In the second case, the date of manufacture and expiry date shall be marked. 5.3 Any other markings (e.g. customer / operator, etc ) are optional. 6. OPERATORS RESPONSIBILITIES 6.1 The operating air ca rriers responsibilities defined in 7 of ARP5595A are entirely applicable to the use of Cargo Stopper devices, since they apply to cargo restraint procedures for which these devices are accessories. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproductio
