1、_ 6$(7HFKQLFDO6WDQGDUGV%RDUG5XOHVSURYLGHWKDW7KLVUHSRU t is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is
2、the sole rHVSRQVLELOLWRIWKHXVHU SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2016 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may
3、be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA)
4、 Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AS1988B AEROSPACE STANDARD AS1988 REV. B Issued 1990-08 Reaffirmed 2009-12 Revised 2016-02 Super
5、seding AS1988A Air Cargo Pallet Extensions RATIONALE Revised to reflect the pallet extensions standard sizes classification system and associated information agreed by IATA within ULD Regulations Standard Specification 60/1. The title was editorially adjusted to take into account the commonest desig
6、nation. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 3 1.1 Purpose . 3 1.1.1 Non-certified 3 1.1.2 Certified . 3 1.2 Standard Sizes 3 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 3 2.1 SAE Publications . 4 2.2 IATA Publications 4 2.3 NAS Publications 4 2.4 FAR Publications . 4 3. GENERAL . 4 4. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION 7 5. DESIGN LIMITAT
7、IONS . 7 6. DESIGN LOADS AND TEST REQUIREMENTS 8 7. OPERATION . 10 8. MARKINGS . 10 9. NOTES 11 9.1 Revision Indicator 11 SAE INTERNATIONAL AS1988B Page 2 of 16 FIGURE 1 5 FIGURE 2 USE OF STANDARD EXTENSION SIZES. 6 FIGURE 3 TEST LOAD APPLICATION . 9 FIGURE 4 LOAD ARM CALCULATION . 9 FIGURE 5 EXAMPL
8、E F - CONTOUR DIMENSIONS FOR VOLUME/CG - SHIFT CALCULATIONS . 12 FIGURE 6A EXTENSION TYPES (PRINCIPLES) - CONTOURED EXTENSION (45/90) + HORIZONTAL EXTENSION . 13 FIGURE 6B E/F - CONTOURED EXTENSION, LOWER DECK CONTOUR SHOWN (EXAMPLE ONLY) 14 TABLE 1 PALLETS USED IN CONJUNCTION . 5 TABLE 2A U.S./IMPE
9、RIAL . 15 TABLE 2B METRIC. 15 SAE INTERNATIONAL AS1988B Page 3 of 16 1. SCOPE This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the dimensional and operational requirements for pallet extension devices. It provides support for items of cargo beyond either the short or the long sides of a pallet, allowing
10、 increased volume to be achieved in conjunction with pallets meeting the requirements of AS1491 plus additional pallet sizes usable with extensions. 1.1 Purpose This document defines the minimum requirements for pallet extensions for use in the lower deck of wide-bodied aircraft as well as of standa
11、rd-bodied aircraft. Extensions can have either of two airworthiness statuses, as follows. 1.1.1 Non-certified Such extensions are non-certified pallet accessories and do not require airworthiness approval. Regulatory restraint remains ensured by a standard certified pallet and net attached to it, th
12、e airworthiness approval requirements and limitations of which (maximum gross weight, maximum C.G. deviation for the whole pallet load) shall be complied with. Pallet extensions design and strength requirements shall meet the present Aerospace Standard. The pallet, of which one or both extensions ma
13、y be removed or re-installed at will, remains designated by the IATA ID Code first letter P, whether or not it is fitted with extensions, and its net compatibility is not affected. 1.1.2 Certified Where a special pallet net is attached to the extension itself, the whole unit is to be airworthiness a
14、pproved to guarantee it transmits the nets ultimate certification loads to the pallet, and extensions constitute together with the net parts of an approved restraint system. Approval is not within the scope of this Aerospace Standard. The airworthiness approval parameters for the integrated pallet a
15、nd extensions assembly are those of NAS 3610 Rev.10 or AS36100 TSO C90. In addition, the extensions design and strength requirements shall meet the present Aerospace Standard. Such pallets with integrated extensions, also known as “winged pallets“, are designated by the IATA ID Code first letter B a
16、nd not P. Extensions may be removed, providing the pallet remains fitted all around with track, and was approved for compatibility with standard full contour pallet nets. But their re-installation constitutes an airworthiness equipment intervention, to be handled and controlled same as a certified U
17、LD repair. 1.2 Standard Sizes This document defines the requirements for standard pallet extensions sizes, as were agreed by IATA in order to facilitate manufacturing, inventory control, and in-service interchangeability. See 3.2 hereafter. Nothing, however, prevents from building extensions of diff
18、erent sizes, that shall meet design and strength requirements of this Aerospace Standard, but building and operating the defined standard sizes is encouraged. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publi
19、cations shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, super
20、sedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. SAE INTERNATIONAL AS1988B Page 4 of 16 2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside
21、USA), www.sae.org. AS1491 Interline Air Cargo Pallets AS1677 General Requirements for Noncertified Cargo/Baggage Containers AS33601 Track and Stud Fitting for Cargo Transport Aircraft, Standard Dimensions for AS36100 Air Cargo Unit Load Devices Performance Requirements and Test Parameters 2.2 IATA P
22、ublications Available from International Air Transport Association, Publications Assistant, 800 Place Victoria, P.O. Box 113, Montreal, Quebec H4Z 1M1, Canada, Tel: 1-514-874-0202, www.iata.org. IATA ULD Regulations, Standard Specification 50/0 Attachment E, Standard ULD Contours IATA ULD Regulation
23、s, Standard Specification 60/1, Pallet Extensions 2.3 NAS Publications Available from Aerospace Industries Association, 1000 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 1700, Arlington, VA 22209-3928, Tel: 703-358-1000, www.aia-aerospace.org. NAS 3610 Cargo Unit Load Devices - Specification for cargo unit load devices
24、to be installed in certificated aircraft 2.4 FAR Publications Available from www.acquisition.gov/far. 14 CFR Part 25, United States Department of Transportation 3. GENERAL Each extension consists of a panel or shelf extending upwards and outwards within a load envelope (see Figure 4). The panel or s
25、helf is secured in this position by means of chains, cables or structural members attached to the adjacent pallet edge rails. 3.1 The extension shall be used in conjunction with pallets meeting the requirements of AS1491, or equivalent requirements, for the pallet sizes shown in Table 1: SAE INTERNA
26、TIONAL AS1988B Page 5 of 16 Table 1 - Pallets used in conjunction TABLE 1 PALLET DIMENSIONS Extension Contour along Pallet Length / Width Pallet Size Code mm inch 1 side extension 2 sides extension 1) 2) 3) Length x Width Length x Width C E E3 4) G U F F3 5) H A 2235 3175 88 125 L L W L L W L 1534 3
27、175 60.4 125 L L L L M 2438 3175 96 125 L L W L L W K 1534 1562 60.4 61.5 L L L L L N 1562 2438 61.5 96 L L W W P 1198 1534 47 60.4 L L W Q 1534 2438 60.4 96 L L S 1562 2235 61.5 88 L L W W 1) In IATA, AS1491 and NAS3610 / AS36100 2) In IATA Size N = AS1491 Size III / AS36100 Size S = AS36100 3) In
28、IATA Size P = Base size LD2 Size Q = Base size LD4/LD8 4) E-3 = LD-2 contour 5) F-3 = LD-8 contour Figure 1 see AS1677 Note: Contour code according to IATA ULDR SS 50/0 FWD FWD SAE INTERNATIONAL AS1988B Page 6 of 16 3.2 Extension Sizes Standardization Extensions built for size A pallets should be ca
29、pable of also being used on size M pallets. Extensions for sizes K, L, P, or Q are identical with each other. Thus four standard extension sizes are recommended: x size 1: fitting sizes A and M pallets short sides, or sizes N and S long sides, to IATA standard contour F x size 2: fitting sizes A and
30、 M pallets short sides, or sizes N and S long sides, to IATA standard contour U x size 3: fitting sizes K, L, P or Q pallets to IATA standard contours E, F or H x size 4: fitting sizes A and M pallets long side to IATA standard contour F (for B767 aircraft only) Utilization of these four standard ex
31、tension sizes is outlined in Figure 2. All other aircraft A M L FWD K S N 1 or 2 1 or 2 3 3 1 or 2 1 or 2 B767 lower deck pallets FWD A M Q P 4 4 3 3 Figure 2 - Use of standard extension sizes 3.3 There are two types of extensions actually in use (see Figure 6A): 3.3.1 The contour extensions: a pane
32、l attached to the pallet at approximately 45 degrees. 3.3.2 The horizontal extensions: a shelf attached to the pallet with a horizontal load-platform. An adequate pallet net encloses both extension types together with the pallet load. This net is attached as required either to the pallet edge rail (
33、see 4.4.1) or to the extension itself (see 1.1.2 and 4.4.2). Due to the different aircraft lower deck contours, the related IATA load contours, the different pallet sizes and thus extension dimensions and/or multi use combinations, several configurations are feasible/advantageous. NOTE: IATA load co
34、ntours: C, E, G, and U, F, H and the LD2-LD8 related contour herein called E-3 and F-3. For reference see Tables 2A and 2B and Figures 6A and 6B. 3.4 It shall be possible to rotate extensions to come to a rest on top of the pallet, to facilitate handling and storage of empty units, or to use the uni
35、ts as pallets only. SAE INTERNATIONAL AS1988B Page 7 of 16 3.5 For loading of non-stackable goods, without using the additional volume beyond the pallet, it should be possible to secure the extensions in the vertical position. 3.6 The extensions shall be designed to be operated with minimum effort b
36、y one person without requiring any tools. 4. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION 4.1 The extension shall be constructed to withstand normal cargo handling, to require only a minimum of maintenance and to provide a maximum service life. 4.2 Each extension shall be designed for quick attachment and rapid removal
37、from the pallet by one person without the use of special tools. 4.3 The extensions shall be optimized for minimum weight and maximum durability. 4.4 The extensions shall be attached to the pallet edge rail by means of fittings in accordance with AS33601. The number and the design of those fittings s
38、hall distribute the load to the pallet edge and base to avoid load concentration. A vertical clearance of 108 mm (4.25 inches) shall be provided to the extension structure, vertically to the pallet edge rail, to allow approximately 102 mm (4 inches) of clearance for the net attachments (see Figure 4
39、). 4.4.1 Extension constructions requiring net attachments to the pallet edge rail must provide the space for net attachment points as per NAS3610 / AS36100 / AS1491. 4.4.2 Extension constructions requiring net attachments to the extension itself shall meet the requirements of 4.4. NOTE: In this cas
40、e, the pallet extension becomes an integral part of the pallet and will require net attachment points on three sides of the extension and thus a specific net or net arrangement. Such a unit will require airworthiness certification to cover its configuration. See 1.1.2. 4.5 Chains, cables or structur
41、al members, which support the extension in the extended position shall be equipped with fittings according to AS33601 for attachment to the pallet edge rail. 4.6 All edges of the extensions shall be chamfered or rounded to avoid injuries to personnel and damages to aircraft or cargo. 4.7 All non-met
42、allic parts which are liquid absorbent shall be sealed or treated to prevent liquid absorption. 4.8 All materials used shall comply with the applicable flammability requirements of 14 CFR Part 25, Appendix F Part I (a)(1)(v) and (a)(2)(iv) of the US Federal Regulations: when submitted to the horizon
43、tal test defined in Appendix F, Part I (b)(2), they may not have an average burn rate, out of three tested specimens, greater than 100 mm (4.0 inches) per minute when tested horizontally for 15 seconds in a 840 C (1550 F) flame. 5. DESIGN LIMITATIONS 5.1 Any downward deformation of the extensions (r
44、otation of the extensions by lengthening of cables, chains or structural members or bending of the extensions themselves) shall not exceed the reference ULD contour, or lead to contact with the cargo compartment lining. Maximum deflection limits correspond to the ultimate load, which is 5.1 times th
45、e payload in line with NAS3610 and AS36100 ultimate test loads. For the applicable values refer to Tables 2A and 2B for the different configurations. NOTE: This assumes that pallet extensions used exclusively in the lower deck are designed for the above ultimate load in line with NAS3610 and AS36100
46、. SAE INTERNATIONAL AS1988B Page 8 of 16 6. DESIGN LOADS AND TEST REQUIREMENTS 6.1 Each extension shall be designed and tested to support a share of the maximum total ULD download. A volumetric share defines the load on a single extension. This share is a percentage of the total ULD load volume at M
47、GW times the gross density variation required to cause a lateral CG shift of 10%. 6.2 Tables 2A and 2B list all data for which each extension shall be designed and tested. When the pallet is designed and tested for a maximum gross weight which is not covered, the percentage of the maximum nominal do
48、wnload shall be used to establish the test loads. Three load conditions are to be tested, two of them mandatory. 6.2.1 Load Condition N1 (required) The test load shall be the share of the ultimate download in line with NAS3610 and AS36100, which includes a safety factor of 1.5 according to 14 CFR 25.303. The load is thus the extensions payload times a factor of 5.1. Deflections under this (static) test load
