1、 AEROSPACE STANDARD Air Cargo Pallet Extenders Issued 1990-08 Revised 2004-04 Reaffirmed 2009-12Superseding AS1988 AS1988 REV.A TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 2 1.1 Purpose2 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS.2 2.1 SAE Publications3 2.2 IATA Publications.3 2.3 NAS Publications .3 2.4 FAR Publications3 3. GENERAL3
2、4. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION.5 5. DESIGN LIMITATIONS6 6. DESIGN LOADS AND TEST REQUIREMENTS7 7. OPERATION9 8. MARKINGS10 SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely vol
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6、technical/standards/AS1988ACopyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE AS1988 Revision A - 2 - 1. SCOPE: This SAE Aerospace Standard (AS) establishes the dimensional and operational requireme
7、nts for pallet extension devices. It provides support for items of cargo beyond either the short or the long sides of a pallet, allowing increased volume to be achieved in conjunction with pallets meeting the requirements of AS1491 plus additional pallet sizes usable with extenders. 1.1 Purpose: Thi
8、s document defines the minimum requirements for pallet extensions for use in the lower deck of wide-bodied aircraft as well as of standard-bodied aircraft. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS: The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publica
9、tions shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, superse
10、des applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE AS1988 Revision A - 3 - 2.1 SAE Publications: Available from SAE
11、, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. AS1491 Interline Air Cargo Pallets AS1677 General Requirements for Non-certified LD-2, LD-4 & LD-8 Cargo/Baggage Container) - for contour information only! AS33601 Truck & Stud Fitting for Cargo Transport Aircraft, Standard Dimensions for 2.2 IATA
12、 Publications: Available from International Air Transport Association, 800 Place Victoria, P.O. BOX 113, Montreal Quebec Canada H4Z1M1. IATA ULD Technical Manual, Standard specification 50/0 appendix E, Maximum ULD contours, and standard specification 60/1, Pallet extensions 2.3 NAS Publications: Av
13、ailable from Aerospace Industries Association of America Inc., 1250 Eye Street, N.W., Suite 1100, Washington, DC 20005, USA. NAS 3610 Cargo Unit Load Devices - Specification for cargo unit load devices to be installed in certificated aircraft 2.4 FAR Publications: Available from the Federal Aviation
14、 Administration, 800 Independance Avenue, SW, Washington DC 20591. Federal Aviation Regulation (FAR), Part 25, United States Department of Transportation 3. GENERAL: Each extension consists of a panel or shelf extending upwards and outwards within a load envelope (see Figure 4). The panel or shelf i
15、s secured in this position by means of chains, cables or structural members attached to the adjacent pallet edge rails. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE AS1988 Revision A - 4 - 3.1
16、 The extension shall be used in conjunction with pallets meeting the requirements of AS1491, or equivalent requirements, for the pallet sizes shown in Table 1: TABLE 1 TABLE 1 PALLET DIMENSIONS Extender Contour along Pallet Length/WidthSize Code mm inch 1 side extender 2 sides extender1) 2) 3) Lengt
17、h x Width Length x Width C EE-34)GUFF-35) HA 2235 x 3175 88 x 125 L L W - L L W -L 1534 x 3175 60.4 x 125 L L - - L L - -M 2438 x 3175 96 x 125 L L W - L L W -K 1534 x 1562 60.4 x 61.5 LLLL- - - LN 2438 x 1562 96 x 61.5 L L W - - W -Q 1534 x 2438 60.4 x 96 - - L - - - L -1) In IATA, AS1491 and NAS36
18、10 2) In IATA Size N = AS1491 Size III 3) In IATA Size Q = Basesize LD4/LD8 4) E-3 LD-2 contour 5) F-3 LD-8 contour FIGURE 1 see AS1677 Note: Contour code according IATA UTM 50/0 Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted w
19、ithout license from IHS-,-,-SAE AS1988 Revision A - 5 - 3.2 There are two types of extenders actually in use: 3.2.1 The contour extender(s): a panel attached to the pallet at approximately 45. 3.2.2 The horizontal extender(s): a shelf attached to the pallet with a horizontal load-platform. An adequa
20、te pallet net encloses both extender types together with the pallet load. This net is attached as required either to the pallet edge rail (see 4.4.1) or to the extender itself (see 4.4.2). Due to the different aircraft lower deck contours, the related IATA load contours, the different pallet sizes a
21、nd thus extender dimensions and/or multi use combinations, several configurations are feasible/ advantageous. NOTE: IATA load contours: C, E, G and U, F, H and the LD2-LD8 related contour herein called E-3 and F-3. For reference see Tables 2A and 2B and Figures 5A and 5B. 3.3 It shall be possible to
22、 rotate contour extenders to come to a rest on top of the pallet, to facilitate handling and storage of empty units, or to use the units as pallets only. 3.4 For loading of nonstackable goods, without using the additional volume beyond the pallet, it should be possible to secure the extensions in th
23、e vertical position. 3.5 The extenders shall be designed to be operated with minimum effort by one person without requiring any tools. 4. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION: 4.1 The extension shall be constructed to withstand normal cargo handling, to require only a minimum of maintenance and to provide a maxi
24、mum service life. 4.2 Each extension shall be designed for quick attachment and rapid removal from the pallet by one person without the use of special tools. 4.3 The extensions shall be optimised for minimum weight and maximum durability. 4.4 The extensions shall be attached to the pallet edge rail
25、by means of fittings in accordance with AS33601A. The number and the design of those fittings shall distribute the load to the pallet edge and base to avoid load concentration. A vertical clearance of 108 mm (4.25 in) shall be provided to the extender structure, vertically to the pallet edge rail, t
26、o allow approximately 102 mm (4 in) of clearance for the net attachments (see Figure 4). Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE AS1988 Revision A - 6 - 4.4.1 Extender constructions requi
27、ring net attachments to the pallet edge rail must provide the space for net attachment points as per NAS3610/AS1491. 4.4.2 Extender constructions requiring net attachments to the extender itself shall meet the requirements of 4.4. NOTE: In this case, the pallet extender becomes an integral part of t
28、he pallet and will require net attachment points on three sides of the extender and thus a specific net or net arrangement. Such a unit will require certification to cover its configuration. 4.5 Chains, cables or structural members, which support the extension in the extended position shall be equip
29、ped with fittings according to AS33601A for attachment to the pallet edge rail. 4.6 All edges of the extensions shall be chamfered to avoid injuries to personnel and damages to aircraft or cargo. 4.7 All non-metallic parts which are liquid absorbent shall be sealed or treated to prevent liquid absor
30、ption. 4.8 All materials used shall comply with the applicable flammability requirements of the Part 25, Appendix F of the US Federal Aviation Regulations. 5. DESIGN LIMITATIONS: 5.1 Any downward deformation of the extensions (rotation of the extensions by lengthening of cables, chains or structural
31、 members or bending of the extensions themselves) shall not exceed the reference ULD contour, or lead to contact with the cargo compartment lining. Maximum deflection limits correspond to the ultimate load, which is 5.1 times the payload in line with NAS3610 ultimate test loads. For the applicable v
32、alues refer to Tables 2A and 2B for the different configurations. NOTE: This assumes that pallet extenders used exclusively in the lower deck are designed for the above ultimate load in line with NAS3610. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction
33、 or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE AS1988 Revision A - 7 - 6. DESIGN LOADS AND TEST REQUIREMENTS: 6.1 Each extender shall be designed and tested to support a share of the maximum total ULD download. A volumetric share defines the load on a single extender. This share is a perc
34、entage of the total ULD load volume at MGW times the gross density variation required to cause a lateral CG shift of 10%. 6.2 Tables 2A and 2B list all data for which each extender shall be designed and tested. When the pallet is designed and tested for a maximum gross weight which is not covered, t
35、he percentage of the maximum nominal download shall be used to establish the test loads. Three load conditions are to be tested, two of them mandatory. 6.2.1 Load condition N1 (required): The test load shall be the share of the ultimate download in line with NAS3610, which includes a safety factor o
36、f 1.5 according to FAR 25.303. The load is thus the extenders payload times a factor of 5.1. Deflections under this (static) test load shall not exceed the deflection limits for each case, corresponding to the different lower deck cargo compartment contours. 6.2.2 Load condition N2 (recommended): Th
37、e test load shall be the share of the limit load derived from NAS3610. The load is the extenders payload times a factor of 3.4 (5.1g/1.5 (safety factor). Deflections under this (static) test load shall be less than the above deflection limits by at least 25.4 mm (1 in) which covers the clearance for
38、 the pallet net, in order to prevent any lining damage or loading/unloading problems. No permanent deformation is allowed. This load condition is not mandatory, provided the results of Load condition N1 assure that the requirements of Load condition N2 are met. 6.2.3 Load condition N3 (required): Th
39、e test load shall be the share of the payload the ULD should be qualified for. Deflections under this (static) test load shall not exceed the deflection limits for each case, corresponding to the reference ULD contour. 6.3 Concentrated loads at the pallet/extender interface when tested per Load cond
40、ition N1 must not exceed the structural allowable of the pallet, including a fitting factor of 1.33 and if applicable, an additional casting factor in accordance with FAR 25.621. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted w
41、ithout license from IHS-,-,-SAE AS1988 Revision A - 8 - 6.4 For testing of above load conditions the extender shall be restrained as in operation per NAS3610. The pallet has to be vertically restrained to prevent upwards bowing. The static load shall be applied at the load centreline, along a line a
42、pproximately 13 mm (0.5 in) wide, extending symmetrically not more than 80% of the length of the extender. In order to represent a uniformly distributed load, a series of unconnected load segments not exceeding 305 mm (12 in) in length shall be used. Measurements shall be taken/recorded to ensure th
43、at deflection limits for each load condition are satisfied. FIGURE 2 Example of load-arm calculation for an F contour FIGURE 3 Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE AS1988 Revision A -
44、9 - 6.4 (Continued): Lc: distance from the shifted centre of gravity (CG) to the C area CG Ld: distance from the shifted CG to the D area CG L: distance from the shifted CG to the C+D area CG Sc: surface C Sc = 724.5 in Sd surface D Sd = 134.75 in Lc x Sc + Ld x Sd = L x (Sc + Sd) g214 L = (Lc x Sc
45、+ Ld x Sd) / (Sc + Sd) = 56.3 in g214 load arm of the load on the pallet extension g214 = L + 12.5 = 68.8 in 6.5 In cases an extender is designed and tested for more than one configuration, i.e. more than one ULD contour or pallet size and and/or more than one maximum grossweight, the test condition
46、s shall be the more severe case. NOTE: Examples are: - Extenders for A-size pallets also to be used for M-size pallets - Extenders for E-3/F-3 contours also used for E/F contours - Extenders for C/U contours also to be used for E/F contours 7. OPERATION: 7.1 It is recommended, when loading freight o
47、n pallets with extenders, to load heavier items on the pallet baseplate. 7.2 It is recommended to load the extenders such as to minimize a longitudinal CG eccentricity. NOTE: Following these recommendations will minimize overloading the extenders. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under li
48、cense with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE AS1988 Revision A - 10 - 8. MARKINGS: 8.1 Each extension shall be marked with the following information: 1. The name and address of the manufacturer 2. The weight of the extension to the nearest half kilogram and pound 3. The serial number or date of manufacture or both 4. The manufacturers part number 5. The flammability requirements determined for the extension under 4.8 6. Where applicable, the appropriate airworthiness authority or FAA Supplemental Type certificate 7. The NAS3610 size cod
