1、_ 6$(7HFKQLFDO6WDQGDUGV%RDUG5XOHVSURYLGHWKDW7KLVUHSRUWLVSX EOLVKHGE6$(WRDGYDQFHWKHVWDWHRI technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, LVWKHVROHUHVS
2、RQVLELOLWRIWKHXVHU SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2016 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced
3、, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776
4、-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/ARP6803 AEROSPACE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE ARP6803 Issued 2016-03 IVHM Concepts, Technology and Implementation Ov
5、erview RATIONALE This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides an overview of the concepts, technologies, and implementation practices associated with designing and implementing an Integrated Vehicle Health Management (IVHM) capability on an aerospace platform. This document is intended to
6、provide guidance and recommended best practices for engineers and stakeholders to initiate the design and implementation requirements for an IVHM solution. This document is also relevant to other industrial sectors and vehicles outside of aerospace. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 3 1.1 Purpose . 4 2. RE
7、FERENCES 4 2.1 Applicable Documents 4 2.1.1 SAE Publications . 5 2.1.2 SAE ANSI Publications . 5 2.1.3 SAE ISBN Publications . 5 2.1.4 SAE Conferences Publications . 6 2.1.5 AHS Publications 6 2.1.6 IEEE Publications . 6 2.1.7 RTCA Publications 6 2.1.8 U.S. Government Publications 7 2.1.9 Applicable
8、 References 7 2.2 Acronyms and Abbreviations 7 3. IVHM CONCEPTS 11 3.1 History and Evolution of IVHM 11 3.2 An Overview of IVHM Capability 12 4. IVHM BUSINESS CASE . 14 4.1 Motivation for IVHM . 14 4.2 Stakeholder Perspectives . 16 4.3 Value Proposition for Commercial Platforms . 17 4.3.1 Cost Benef
9、it . 18 4.3.2 Maintenance Benefit . 19 4.3.3 Safety Benefit 21 4.4 Value Proposition for Military Platforms . 22 5. RECOMMENDED PRACTICES FOR DESIGNING AND IMPLEMENTING AN IVHM CAPABILITY . 22 5.1 IVHM Information Standards 22 5.2 IVHM Design Considerations 23 5.2.1 Liability Considerations . 23 SAE
10、 INTERNATIONAL ARP6803 Page 2 of 51 5.2.2 Safety Considerations . 24 5.2.3 Availability Considerations 24 5.2.4 Reliability Considerations 24 5.2.5 Maintainability Considerations 25 5.2.6 Supportability Considerations . 25 5.3 Regulatory Requirements and Certification Considerations 25 5.4 IVHM Life
11、cycle Design and Implementation Considerations . 26 5.4.1 Vehicle Operation and Support Goals 27 5.4.2 Requirements Development Phase 27 5.4.3 System Functional Analysis Phase 28 5.4.4 Design Synthesis and Integration Phase . 28 5.4.5 System Test and Evaluation Phase 28 5.4.6 System Maturation Phase
12、 . 29 5.5 IVHM Architecture Considerations . 29 5.6 IVHM Information Management Considerations 32 5.7 IVHM Information Technology Deployment Considerations 32 5.8 Importance of Human Factors Considerations 34 6. RECOMMENDED IVHM DESIGN TOOLS, ANALYTICS, AND TECHNOLOGIES . 34 6.1 IVHM Design Tools .
13、34 6.2 IVHM Design Models 35 6.2.1 Safety Models 35 6.2.2 Reliability Models 35 6.2.3 Diagnostic Models . 36 6.3 IVHM Algorithms . 36 6.3.1 Detection Algorithms . 37 6.3.2 Diagnostic Algorithms . 37 6.3.3 Prognostic Algorithms . 38 6.4 IVHM Decision Support . 38 6.5 IVHM Continuum . 39 7. IVHM APPLI
14、CATIONS 40 7.1 Commercial Application 40 7.2 Military Application 42 8. IVHM SUPPORT . 43 8.1 Documentation 43 8.2 Configuration Management Control . 44 8.3 Training 45 8.4 Feedback to the Design 45 9. CONCLUSION 45 10. NOTES 46 10.1 Revision Indicator 46 APPENDIX A . 47 APPENDIX B . 50 Figure 1 HM-
15、1 document flow map 3 Figure 2 IVHM taxonomy 4 Figure 3 IVHM capability infrastructure 13 Figure 4 Potential to Failure (P-F) interval showing different thresholds of failure and corresponding remaining useful life predictions . 15 Figure 5 Stakeholder value proposition 17 Figure 6 IVHM life cycle p
16、hases . 27 Figure 7 IVHM architectural block diagram 31 Figure 8 IVHM operating space 33 Figure 9 Example of the IVHM continuum for mechanical PHM . 40 SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP6803 Page 3 of 51 1. SCOPE This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) examines a comprehensive construct of an Integrated Ve
17、hicle Health Management (IVHM) capability. This document provides a top-level view of the concepts, technology, and implementation practices associated with IVHM. This keystone document of the SAE HM-1 Committee is not intended as a legal document and does not provide detailed implementation steps,
18、but does address general implementation concerns and potential benefits. Figure 1 provides a document flow map of the documents currently in work or planned by the Committee. The documents shown below will provide the recommended practices for IVHM implementation. This document map reflects the curr
19、ent SAE IVHM document configuration as of the date of publication. Future documents that are released will be included in the flow map in future updates of this document. Figure 1 - HM-1 document flow map An indication of the scope of IVHM is diagrammed in Figure 2. When an organization decides to i
20、mplement an IVHM capability as part of their product sustainment strategy, the decision must consider the business objectives and user perspectives driving the decision, the system architecture and design to support the impetus, the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) or maturity of the technologies in
21、volved, the unique aspects of the operational environment and infrastructure, and the tools required to support the IVHM life cycle. This document discusses significant aspects and considerations of the interrelated IVHM elements listed in this diagram. ARP6803 SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP6803 Page 4 of 51
22、 Figure 2 - IVHM taxonomy 1.1 Purpose Aerospace asset owners, operators, and maintainers are under increasing pressure to reduce maintenance and operations costs, to maximize system and component useful life, to reduce maintenance down time, and to increase availability, while not compromising safet
23、y. At the same time, maintenance personnel need to know what component or system requires maintenance and what maintenance actions must be taken. Operations personnel need to know when an aircraft can be operated reliably and when it can no longer be operated without incurring an unacceptable risk o
24、f failure. Additionally, fleet management personnel need to know when an aircraft should be scheduled for maintenance, what components are required in advance of a scheduled maintenance event to reduce logistics-related maintenance delays, and what impact these maintenance events will have on the av
25、ailability of resources with respect to the overall fleet. All this needs to be achieved with, at a minimum, no adverse impact on existing safety levels. As a result, the objective for implementing an IVHM capability is to provide unambiguous actionable information on the health of aircraft systems
26、and components that can be used to reduce operating and maintenance costs while taking into consideration the life cycle cost and satisfaction of safety requirements. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The la
27、test issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this d
28、ocument, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP6803 Page 5 of 51 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or
29、+1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. ARP1587 Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine Health Management System Guide ARP4754 Guidelines for Development of Civil Aircraft and Systems ARP4761 Guidelines and Methods for Conducting the Safety Assessment Process on Civil Airborne Systems and Equipment AIR5113
30、Legal Issues Associated with the Use of Probabilistic Design Methods ARP5580 Recommended Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) Practices for Non-Automobile Applications ARP5783 Health and Usage Monitoring Metrics, Monitoring the Monitor ARP6275 Determination of Cost Benefits from Implementing an
31、 Integrated Vehicle Health Management System JA1011 Evaluation Criteria for Reliability-Centered Maintenance (RCM) Processes JA6097 Using a System Reliability Model to Optimize Maintenance Costs A Best Practices Guide GEIA-HB-649 Implementation Guide for Configuration Management 2.1.2 SAE ANSI Publi
32、cations Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. ANSI/EIA-649 National Consensus Standard for Configuration Management ANSI/EIA-836 Configuration Management - Data Exc
33、hange and Interoperability 2.1.3 SAE ISBN Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. ISBN 978-0-7680-6432-2 Integrated Vehicle Health Management - Perspecti
34、ves on an Emerging Field, Jennions, I.K., editor, 2011 ISBN 978-0-7680-7645-5 Integrated Vehicle Health Management - Business Case Theory and Practice, Jennions, I.K., editor, 2012 ISBN 978-0-7680-7952-4 Integrated Vehicle Health Management The Technology, Jennions, I.K., editor, 2013 ISBN 978-0-768
35、0-8067-4 Integrated Vehicle Health Management Essential Reading, Jennions, I.K., editor, 201 ISBN 978-0-7680-8088-9 Integrated Vehicle Health Management Implementations and Lessons Learned, Jennions, I.K., editor, 2014 SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP6803 Page 6 of 51 2.1.4 SAE Conferences Publications Availab
36、le from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. 6KDR*ROGVWHLQ.LP.1ZDGLRJEX(3URHQD57UDQ0:LOOLDPV Directorate Identifier 2008-NE-44-AD; Amendment 39-16103; AD 2009-24-11. Download fro
37、m: http:/rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgAD.nsf/0/2fd050be5fe7a5198625767e00540421!OpenDocument it could only be applied to age related (wear out) failures. The RCM report also acknowledged that OCM, along with redesign and/or redundancies (for critical systems), were the only practica
38、l and effective approaches to deal with most failures. IVHM was subsequently conceived by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as a means of integrating a disparate approach to Vehicle Health Management, with certain stakeholders applying predictive maintenance to their part of t
39、he space vehicle (engine, airframe, etc.) This vehicle centric view was fine when there was one or a very limited set of vehicles in a fleet. This is not the case in most other applications. ,QWHJUDWHG9HKLFOH+HDOWK0DQDJHPHQW Perspectives RQDQ(PHUJLQJ)LHOG provides a thorough background of the evolut
40、ion of IVHM, which aimed to provide a holistic platform centric view of the vehicle. This platform centric perspective placed great emphasis on Systems Engineering processes. Today, IVHM is evolving from a platform centric perspective to a portfolio centric perspective, where different types of flee
41、ts FRQWULEXWHWRDQHQWHUSULVHVDELOLWWRGHOLYHUYDOXH . )RUHDPSOHPRVWODUJHXWLOLWFRPSDQLHVKDYHDPLRIIOHHWV JDVcoal, renewable, nuclear power stations), which can be utilized according to business criteria (such as fuel prices). Maintenance policies and procedures need to be sufficiently flexible to keep up
42、 with this diverse portfolio. The future of IVHM will lead to greater automation, which implies diluting to some degree the human expertise currently involved in maintaining vehicles, and, in some cases, manufacturing vehicles that can self-maintain and become damage tolerant. As unmanned platforms
43、become more prevalent, IVHM will be a valuable tool to capture expert diagnostic and prognostic knowledge through the use of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and statistical techniques. Eventually, SUHGLFWLYHPDLQWHQDQFHZLOOEHFRPHHYHUPRUHDXWRPDWHGDQGFRPPRGLWLHGDVDQLQWHJUDO HSHFWHGSDUWRIDQYH
44、KLFOHVdesign. 3.2 An Overview of IVHM Capability 7KH6$(,9+06WHHULQJ*URXSGHILQHV,9+0DV7KHXQLILHGFDSDELOLWRIDVVWHPRIVVWH ms to assess current or future state of member system health and integrate that picture of system health within a framework of available resources and RSHUDWLRQDOGHPDQG$VVXFKWKHGDWD
45、IORZWKURXJKDQ,9+0FDSDELOLWLVWS LFDOOGHVFULEHGDVDILYH -stage process, comprising the stages of: Sense, Acquire, Transfer, Analyze and Act (SATAA). Figure 3 shows a typical aerospace IVHM capability for a commercial aircraft. The sense and acquire stages of an IVHM capability reside predominantly onbo
46、ard. The transfer stage spans both onboard and on-ground systems, and the analyze and act stages are predominantly on-ground. SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP6803 Page 13 of 51 SenseAcquire/AnalyzeTransferAcquire /AnalyzeGround StationMaintenanceCockpitdisplayOn-boardcomputersSensorsAcquireWireless / WiredWifi / Cell / ACARSAnalyzeAcquire /Analyze /ActActMaintenanceOperationsSparesLogisticsAcquireTransferTransferTransferAcquire
