1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2016 SAE InternationalAll rights reserved. No part of this publi
3、cation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (out
4、side USA)Fax: 724-776-0790Email: CustomerServicesae.orgSAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedbackon this Technical Report, please visithttp:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/ARP6316AEROSPACERECOMMENDED PRACTICEARP6316Issued 2016-05Performance Standards for Oblique Fa
5、cing Passenger Seats in Transport AircraftRATIONALEThe use of oblique facing passenger seats has become prevalent for business and first class seating arrangements on many airlines. The FAA continues to perform research to determine acceptable occupant injury criteria. Until these criteria are publi
6、shed an interim approach is needed to standardize the performance requirements and the methodology used to meet them. This recommended practice offers such an approach. It is intended that this ARP will be revised once the FAA releases criteria and will then be published as an Aerospace Standard.TAB
7、LE OF CONTENTS1. SCOPE 32. REFERENCES 33. GENERAL DESIGN 74. STRENGTH 75. QUALIFICATION TESTS 76. MARKINGS . 87. NOTES 88. RESERVED 89. RESERVED 810. ADDITIONAL PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR OBLIQUE FACING SEATS. 8SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP6316 Page 2 of 13SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP6316 Page 3 of 131. SCOPE1.1 Pu
8、rposeThis SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) documents a common understanding of terms, compliance issues,and occupant injury criteria to facilitate the design and certification of oblique facing passenger seat installations specific to Part 25 aircraft. The applicability of the criteria liste
9、d in this current release is limited to seats with an occupant facing direction greater than 18 and no greater than 30 degrees relative to the aircraft longitudinal axis. Later revisions are intended to provide criteria for other facing directions. Performance criteria for side facing seats installe
10、d with the occupant facing direction at 90 degrees relative to the aircraft longitudinal axis are provided in AS8049/1.Seats installed at angles greater than 30 degrees relative to the aircraft longitudinal axis must have an energy absorbing rest or shoulder harness. However, this document does not
11、provide the criteria for oblique facing seats incorporating such rests. Satisfying the criteria listed in Table 2 may satisfy the requirement for a rest.Although the issues and criteria presented in this document are common with oblique facing seats installed in Part 23 aircraftand Parts 27 and 29 r
12、otorcraft, these recommendations have not been validated for these types of aircraft.1.2 Seat TypesThis document presents a recommended practice for oblique facing passenger seats for use in aircraft type-certificated in the aircraft categories shown in Table 1.Table 1 - Seat type categoriesSeat Typ
13、e Aircraft CategoryApplicable FederalRegulationsA-T Transport Airplane 14 CFR 251.3 UnitsIn this document U.S. customary units (in-lb) and International System of Units (SI) are provided. In all cases, the in-lb units take precedence and the SI (metric) units provided are approximate and conservativ
14、e conversions. Those who routinely use SI units in practice may make the conversions more precisely.1.4 Use of Should and ShallThis document is a recommended practice and, as such, its use is optional. However, if you decide to use this document, then the standards here shall be followed in their en
15、tirety. This ARP is written using “shall” for obligatory requirements and “should” for recommendations that do not rise to the level of a requirement. 2. REFERENCES2.1 Applicable DocumentsThis ARP must be used in conjunction with AS8049B and cannot be used without it. It utilizes the performance sta
16、ndards for aircraft seats defined in AS8049B and the Sections 1 through 7 directly correspond to those of AS8049B. Sections 3 through 7 of this ARP note only differences between the recommendations of this ARP and the standards of AS8049B,otherwise the standards of the AS are recommended to be used
17、in their entirety. Sections 8 and 9 are reserved for future use and material specific to oblique facing seats begins with Section 10. Test pulse evaluation shall use the method defined in AS8049B Appendix A.The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The l
18、atest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In theevent of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this d
19、ocument, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained.SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP6316 Page 4 of 132.1.1 SAE PublicationsAvailable from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1
20、724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.SAE J211/1 Instrumentation for Impact Test - Part 1 - Electronic InstrumentationSAE J211/2 Instrumentation for Impact Test - Part 2: Photographic InstrumentationSAE J1733 Sign Convention for Vehicle Crash TestingSAE J826 Devices for Use in Defining and Measuri
21、ng Vehicle Seating AccommodationARP5482 Photometric Data Acquisition Procedures for Impact TestARP5526 Aircraft Seat Design Guidance and ClarificationsAS8049 Performance Standard for Seats in Civil Rotorcraft, Transport Aircraft, and General Aviation AircraftAS8049/1 Performance Standards for Side-F
22、acing Seats in Civil Rotorcraft, Transport Aircraft, and General Aviation AircraftGowdy, V., DeWeese, R., Beebe, M., Wade, B. et al., “A Lumbar Spine Modification to the Hybrid III ATD For Aircraft Seat Tests,“ SAE Technical Paper 1999-01-1609, 1999, doi:10.4271/1999-01-1609.2.1.2 Code of Federal Re
23、gulations (CFR) PublicationsAvailable from the United States Government Printing Office, 732 North Capitol Street, NW, Washington, DC 20401, Tel: 202-512-1800, www.gpo.gov.Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 21, Certification Procedures for Products and PartsTitle 14, Code of Federal
24、 Regulations (14 CFR) part 25, Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category AirplanesTitle 14, Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 121, Certification and Operations: Domestic, Flag, and Supplemental Air Carriers and Commercial Operators of Large AircraftTitle 49, Code of Federal Regulations (49
25、 CFR) part 571, Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS)Title 49, Code of Federal Regulations (49 CFR) part 572, Anthropomorphic Test DummiesFAA Advisory Circular 25.562-1B CHG 1: Dynamic Evaluation of Seat Restraint Systems and Occupant Protection on Transport AirplanesFAA Advisory Circular 2
26、5.853-1: Flammability Requirements for Aircraft Seat CushionsFAA Policy Statement PS-ANM-25-03-R1: Technical Criteria for Approving Side-Facing SeatsFAA Policy Statement AIR-100-3-3-2000: Use of the Hybrid III Anthropomorphic Test Dummy in Seat Dynamic TestingFAA Policy Statement PS-ANM-25.853-01 R2
27、: Flammability Testing of Interior MaterialsFAA Policy Statement ANM-115-07-002: Policy Statement on certification for flammability of lightweight seat cushionsSAE INTERNATIONAL ARP6316 Page 5 of 132.2 Definitions2.2.1 SIGN CONVENTIONThe sign convention defined in SAE J211/1, Section 7, is adopted i
28、n this document and shall be used for all reported data.2.2.2 OCCUPANT FACING DIRECTIONOccupant facing direction is defined as follows (0 degrees is forward facing along the longitudinal axis of the aircraft):Forward facing seats - Seats installed into the aircraft where the occupant facing directio
29、n is at 0 degrees 18 degrees relative to the aircraft longitudinal axis. (See AS8049B for performance requirements for these seats.)Aft facing seats - Seats installed into the aircraft where the occupant facing direction is at 180 degrees 18 degrees relative to the aircraft longitudinal axis. (See A
30、S8049B for performance requirements for these seats.)Side facing seats - Seats installed into the aircraft where the occupant facing direction is at 90 degrees relative to the aircraft longitudinal. (See AS8049/1 for performance requirements for these seats.)Oblique facing seats - Seats installed in
31、to the aircraft where the occupant angle relative to the aircraft longitudinal axis is other than those described above.2.2.3 OCCUPANT/ATD CHARACTERISTICSSAE J211/1 defines ATD coordinate system and provides descriptions of occupant movement. These definitions are reproduced here for convenience tog
32、ether with additional definitions.Abdominal - Of or pertaining to the region of the body that contains the internal organs (excluding the respiratory and cardiac organs). It is bounded by the diaphragm and the pelvis.Cervical - Of or pertaining to the vertebrae in the neck that support the head and
33、link the head to the spine.Neck Extension - The act of bending the neck backwards.Neck Flexion - The act of bending the neck forward such that the chin approaches the sternum.Nij A measure of neck injury calculated in accordance with 49 CFR 571.208 S6.6 (a).Neck Lateral bending - Neck Lateral Bendin
34、g is the act of bending the neck such that the ear approaches the shoulder.Neck Rotation - Neck Rotation is the act of moving the chin towards the shoulder.Occipital Condyle - The points where the skull attaches to the first cervical (neck) vertebra.Pelvic - Of or pertaining to the pelvis, which is
35、commonly called the hip bone.Sternum - The Sternum is the long flat bone in the upper middle of the front of the chest linking the ribs and the collar bone. It is also called the breastbone.Thoracic - Of or pertaining to the thorax, which is the region of the body that includes the ribs and the ster
36、num between the neck and abdomen. The thorax contains the respiratory and cardiac organs. SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP6316 Page 6 of 132.3 General DefinitionsAIRBAG - An automatically inflated bag that deploys rapidly in the event of an accident and is positioned to protect the occupant from contact with t
37、he interior, or to alter the occupants head trajectory.ATD - FAA HYBRID III - Adult male frontal crash tests device described in 49 CFR Part 572, Subpart E modified per SAE 1999-01-1609. (Reference FAA Policy Statement AIR-100-3-3-2000)ATD - HYBRID II - Adult male frontal crash test device which is
38、described in 49 CFR Part 572, Subpart B.BARRIER - A seat system feature or item of seat furniture that may form part of the occupant restraint system. The barrier may consist of a structural wall or an airbag (including structure mounted airbag (SMA) to limit occupant motion.CANT ANGLE - The seat tr
39、ack angle relative to the aircraft longitudinal axis.CONSERVATIVE - As used in this document, “conservative” means that the test article or test setup is more critical than the production part or installation. When determining what is conservative for occupant injury, select an article or setup base
40、d on properties that would make occupant injury more critical.HIC - HEAD INJURY CRITERION. Where head contact with seats, or other structure can occur, protection must be provided so that the head impact does not exceed a specified value of the Head Injury Criterion (HIC). HIC, as specified in AS804
41、9B Section 5.3.9.4, considers the head cg resultant acceleration only after initial head contact with seats, or other structure occurs. In the calculation t1 and t2 are the points in time for which HIC is at a maximum.HIC 15 - As applied in Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards 49 CFR 571.208 S6.2(
42、b)(1), considers the entire time history.In the calculations, t1 and t2 are any two points in time during the event, which are separated by not more than a 15 millisecond time interval, for which HIC is at a maximum.IMPACT - Impact is defined as the initial contact of the ATD with an object or surfa
43、ce. See also “Rebound”. Contact that does not result in reversal of the direction of movement remains “impact” until such reversal occurs.NOMINAL SEATED POSITION(S) - The position(s) of the occupant when seated for taxi, takeoff and landing (TTL).OCCUPANT ANGLE - The angle of the occupant x-axis whe
44、n in the nominal seated position relative to the aircraft longitudinal axis. RATIONAL ANALYSIS - An analysis based on logic and reason rather than actual data of the specific topic or item being examined. Data may be used to support a rational analysis.REBOUND - Rebound is ATD movement in approximat
45、ely the opposite direction to the inertial direction irrespective of whether the ATD makes contact with anything. Contact that does not result in reversal of the direction of movement remains “impact” until such reversal occurs.SEAT SYSTEM - The seat, restraint system, cushions and barriers, and any
46、 furniture associated with the seat installation, e.g., back shell, side console.SUBMARINING - Submarining occurs when an occupants movement allows the lap belt to slide over the pelvic bones into the soft abdominal tissue.TEST ANGLE - the angle of the occupant x-axis relative to the inertial load d
47、irection.SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP6316 Page 7 of 133. GENERAL DESIGNApply all subsections of AS8049B Section 3 unless noted below:3.2.1 is modified to add the italicized text:Seat systems shall be designed to provide occupant impact protection at seat adjustment positions, orientations, and locations al
48、lowed during takeoff and landing. They shall be designed to accommodate a range of occupants from a two year old child to a 99th percentile male and injury potential shall be assessed for 5th percentile female to 95th percentile male occupants.3.4.1 is replaced with the following:All materials used
49、on Type A-T seats shall meet the fire protection requirements of 14 CFR Part 25, Appendix F, Part 1 (Amendment 25-111), except where material properties, size, and quantity would not create or propagate a cabin fire on or around the seat. The materials fire protection properties may also be demonstrated by following FAA Policy Statement PS-ANM-25.853-01 R2, Flammability Testing of Interior Materials (dated July 3, 2013).3.4.2 i
