1、AEROSPACERECOMMENDEDPRACTICEARP5287Issued 1999-03Optical Measurement Procedures forAirborne Head Up Display (HUD)TABLE OF CONTENTS1. SCOPE .32. REFERENCES .32.1 Applicable Documents.32.2 Related Publications42.3 Definitions63. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.63.1 Laboratory Standard Measurement Conditions.63.2
2、 Laboratory Standards 63.3 Measurement Equipment.64. MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES .74.1 HUD Angular Measurements.74.2 Field of View (FOV) Measurements.74.3 HUD Eyebox Size Measurements .84.4 Symbol Positioning Accuracy 94.5 Display Drift .94.6 Line Width104.7 Display Jitter 104.8 Binocular Parallax104.9 H
3、UD Luminance 114.10 HUD Combiner Transmissivity.124.11 Minimum HUD Luminance.134.12 Automatic Luminance Control134.13 Combiner Head Injury Criteria (HIC)13SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. Th
4、e use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revi
5、sed, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2008 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or oth
6、erwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org Reaffirmed 2008-01SAE ARP5287- 2 -TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
7、4.14 Raster Contrast Variation.144.15 Raster Low Level Luminance.144.16 Raster Luminance Uniformity.144.17 Combiner Induced Real World Distortion and Parallax Errors.144.18 Secondary Display Images 164.19 Color Registration 165. AS8055 TO ARP5287 CROSS REFERENCE17SAE ARP5287- 3 -1. SCOPE:This SAE Ae
8、rospace Recommended Practice (ARP) contains methods used to measure the optical performance of airborne binocular Head Up Displays (HUDs). This document covers methods for conformal and non-conformal HUD systems that are intended for use in the cockpit by the pilot or copilot. The focus of this docu
9、ment is on displays that generate the HUD information using a cathode ray tube (CRT), however, the majority of the methods can be applied to other display technologies.These measurement methods are provided for testing to the requirements of AS8055.This document does not address measurement methods
10、for sensor imaging systems, or displays worn by the pilot (goggles, helmet mounted displays).2. REFERENCES:The documents listed in 2.1 are referenced for guidance in this document. The documents listed in 2.2 are provided for information purposes only and do not form a part of the requirements of th
11、is document.2.1 Applicable Documents:The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes prece
12、dence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained.2.1.1 SAE Publications: Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.J1330 Photometric Lab Accuracy GuidelinesARP4260 Photometric and Colorimetr
13、ic Measurement Procedures for Airborne Flat Panel DisplaysAS8055 Minimum Performance Standard for Airborne Head Up Display (HUD)2.1.2 RTCA/EUROCAE Publications: Available from RTCA, Inc., 1140 Connecticut Avenue, Suite 1020, Washington, DC 20036.RTCA DO-160D/EUROCAE ED-14D Environmental Conditions a
14、nd Test Procedures for Airborne EquipmentSAE ARP5287- 4 -2.1.3 CIE (Commission Internationale de lEclairage) Publications: Available outside of the U.S. from Bureau Centrale De La CIE, 52, Boulevard Malesherbes, 75008 Paris, France and inside the U.S. from United States National Committee of the Com
15、mission Internationale De LEclairage, Radiometric Physics Division, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC 20234.Pub. S001 Colorimetric IlluminantsPub. S002 Colorimetric ObserversPub. 15.2 Colorimetry, 2nd EditionPub. 17.4 International Lighting Vocabulary, 4th EditionPub. 18.2 The Basis of Ph
16、ysical PhotometryPub. 53 Methods of Characterizing the Performance of Radiometers and PhotometersPub. 63 The Spectroradiometric Measurement of Light SourcesPub. 64 Determination of the Spectral Responsivity of Optical Radiation DetectorsPub. 69 Methods of Characterizing Illuminance Meters and Lumina
17、nce Meters2.1.4 Electronic Industry Association (EIA) Publications: Available from Electronic Industries Association, 2500 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22201.EIA-503-A Recommended Practice for the Measurement of X-Radiation from Direct-View Television Tubes.2.2 Related Publications:The following
18、publications are provided for information purposes only and are not a required part of this SAE Aerospace Technical Report.2.2.1 SAE Publications: Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.ARP1782 Photometric and Colorimetric Measurement Procedures for Direct View CRT Dis
19、playsARP1874 Design Objectives for CRT Displays for Part 25 (Transport) AircraftARP4032 Human Engineering Considerations in the Application of Color to Electronic Aircraft DisplaysARP4102/8 Flight Deck, Head Up DisplaysARP4103 Flight Deck Lighting and Visual InterfaceARP4155 Human Interface Design M
20、ethodology for Integrated Display Technology. (Note:Revision A is in process.)ARP4256 Design Objectives for Liquid Crystal Displays for Part 25 (Transport) AircraftARP4260 Photometric and Colorimetric Measurement Procedures for Airborne Direct View Flat Panel Displays (When Approved)ARP4654 HUD Symb
21、ology ReviewARP4742 Display Characteristics of HUDs Used in Civil Transport Aircraft (DRAFT)AS8034 Minimum Performance Standard for Airborne Multipurpose Electronic DisplaysSAE ARP5287- 5 -2.2.2 Regulatory Publications:“FAA AC-( )” documents are available from the U.S. Department of Transportation,
22、Utilization and Storage Section, M-443.2, Washington, DC 20590.“FAR” documents may be purchased from the Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.“TSO” documents are available from Aircraft Engineering Division (AIR-100), Aircraft Certification Service, Federal Aviation Administration, 800 I
23、ndependence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20591.“JAR” documents may be purchased from Westward Digital Ltd., 37 Windsor Street, Cheltenham, GL52 2DG, England.FAA AC 20-57A Automatic Landing SystemsFAA AC 20-110H Index of Aviation Technical Standard OrdersFAR 23.1311 Electronic Display Instrument Systems
24、JAR-HUDS-901 Category 3 Operations with a Head Up DisplayJAR-HUDS-902 Category 2 Operations with a Head Up DisplayJAR-HUDS-903 Head Up DisplaysTSO-C113 Airborne Multipurpose Electronic Displays2.2.3 RTCA/EUROCAE Publications: Available from RTCA, Inc., 1140 Connecticut Avenue, Suite 1020,Washington,
25、 DC 20036.RTCA DO-178B/EUROCAE ED-12B Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification2.2.4 CIE (Commission Internationale de lEclairage) Publications: Available outside of the U.S. from Bureau Centrale De La CIE, 52, Boulevard Malesherbes, 75008 Paris, France and inside the U
26、.S. from United States National Committee of the Commission Internationale De LEclairage, Radiometric Physics Division, National Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC 20234.Pub. No. 15, Supplement No. 2 Recommendations on Uniform Color Spaces Color Difference Equations - Psychometric Color Terms.SAE A
27、RP5287- 6 -2.2.5 U.S. Government Publications: “MIL” documents may be ordered by FAX to: (215) 697-1462, with credit card for payment. Check or money order must be mailed to DODSSP, Customer Service, 700 Robbins Avenue, Building 4B, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094. Include payment with order.MIL-HDBK-87
28、213 Air Force Guide Specification: Military Handbook; Electronically/Optically Generated Airborne Displays.MIL-STD-810E Military Standard: Environmental Test Methods and Engineering GuidelinesMIL-STD-1241A Military Standard: Optical Terms and Definitions.MIL-STD-1295A Military Standard: Human Factor
29、s Engineering Design Criteria for Helicopter Cockpit Electro-Optical Display Symbology (Cancelled)MIL-STD-1787B Military Standard: Aircraft Display Symbology2.2.6 Other Publications:SOAR CSERIAC 92-2 May 1992, Human Factors Issues in Head-Up Display Design: “The Book of HUD”2.3 Definitions:Definitio
30、ns used in this document are as noted in the Glossary of Terms defined in AS8055. The word “shall“ is used to express an essential (mandatory) requirement. Conformance with the specific recommendation requires that there be no deviation. The word “should“ is used to express a recommendation. Deviati
31、on from the specified recommendation may require justification.3. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS:3.1 Laboratory Standard Measurement Conditions:Unless otherwise specified, equipment shall be tested under the conditions specified in Section 3 of RTCA DO-160D/EUROCAE ED-14D and/or sections of this document.3.2
32、Laboratory Standards:The use of industry traceable (e.g., National Institute of Standards and Technology) radiometric and photometric standards for the calibration of test equipment will help ensure inter-instrument correlation. Some standards are required to be recalibrated on a regular cycle or wh
33、en an elapsed time of usage has expired. Strict adherence to calibration and recalibration and maintaining calibration records is prerequisite to good laboratory procedure and is highly recommended.3.3 Measurement Equipment:The photometric measurement equipment should meet the requirements specified
34、 in ARP4260 paragraph 3.4.The minimum requirements for the angular measurement equipment are given in 4.1.SAE ARP5287- 7 -4. MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES:Measurement methods described herein represent a means, but not the only means, for verifying HUD performance requirements. Other measurement techniques
35、 may be equally valid in verifying HUD performance requirements.4.1 HUD Angular Measurements:HUD fields of view are generally measured using a theodolite. A theodolite is a precision optical instrument capable of measuring azimuth and elevation angles. The theodolite precision should be 10 arc secon
36、ds or better (1 mrad = 206 arc seconds). It generally consists of a medium power telescope (i.e., 32X) mounted to a mechanical assembly allowing vertical and horizontal rotations.The entrance aperture of some theodolites is about 50 mm (2.0 in). Since the entrance aperture of an eye is about 6 mm (0
37、.25 in), for some measurements the entrance aperture of the theodolite should be stopped down using an aperture mask to about 6 mm.The theodolite is positioned such that its pivot axis is located at the eyebox position where the measurement is to be taken. Thus, when measuring the HUD instantaneous
38、FOV from the center of the HUD eyebox, the pivot point of the theodolite must be positioned at the center of the eyebox.This requires the theodolite to be mounted to a three-axis translation stage assembly with adequate translation range to cover the eyebox volume.The basic measurement technique ass
39、umes a suitable test pattern fills the HUD total field of view.An example of a suitable test pattern is a grid that extends the full width of the display, made up of 6 horizontal lines intersecting 6 vertical lines.4.2 Field of View (FOV) Measurements:The various FOV characteristics defined in AS805
40、5 paragraph 4.2.1 can be determined from a series of monocular FOV measurements made from specific locations within the HUD eyebox. The monocular FOV data is then analyzed to verify system FOV performance requirements.Monocular FOV measurements, from a specific location within the HUD eyebox, are ma
41、de as follows:1. Locate the theodolite at the desired HUD eyebox location using the translation stage assembly.2. Rotate the theodolite in both azimuth and elevation in order to view one end of one of the horizontal lines. Record both the horizontal and vertical values. Slew the theodolite horizonta
42、lly to read the other end of the same horizontal line, and record these horizontal and vertical readings. The difference in horizontal reading represents the angle subtended by the horizontal line. Repeat the measurement for each horizontal line. Repeat the measurements for each vertical line.3. Rep
43、eat steps 1 and 2 for each eyebox position of interest necessary to characterize the HUD FOV.SAE ARP5287- 8 -4.2 (Continued):Once the instantaneous monocular FOV data is collected from the desired eyebox positions, it can be reduced to determine the various fields of view defined in AS8055 paragraph
44、 4.2.1 (total FOV,instantaneous FOV, and binocular overlapping FOV). It is often useful to generate FOV plots for each eyebox location evaluated.The total FOV is determined by computing the maximum horizontal and vertical display limits visible from any position tested within the HUD eyebox. Thus, i
45、f the instantaneous monocular FOV from only one head position extends from -16 to +16 horizontally, then the total horizontal FOV is a minimum of 32.The HUD instantaneous FOV for a given head position within the HUD eyebox is determined by computing the maximum horizontal and vertical display limits
46、 from two eyebox locations horizontally spaced apart by 63.6 mm (2.5 in), the interpupillary distance. Thus, the instantaneous FOV from 31.8 mm (1.25 in) above the design eye is determined from the instantaneous monocular FOVs from eye locations (up 31.8 mm (1.25 in), left 31.8 mm (1.25 in), and up
47、31.8 mm (1.25 in), right 31.8 mm(1.25 in).The binocular overlapping FOV for a given head position within the HUD eyebox is computed by determining the common horizontal and vertical field angles from two eyebox locations horizontally spaced apart by 63.6 mm (2.5 in). Thus, the overlapping binocular
48、FOV for a head positioned (up 12.7 mm (0.5 in), right 25.4 mm (1.0 in) is determined by computing the common field angles from two eyes positioned at (up 12.7 mm (0.5 in), left 6.4 (0.25 in) and up 12.7 mm (0.5 in), right 57.2 mm (2.25 in). A graphical representation of the FOV data is often very us
49、eful.Thus, by analyzing the monocular FOV data from several carefully selected locations within the eyebox, the HUD FOV characteristics can be determined.4.3 HUD Eyebox Size Measurements:The physical dimensions of the HUD eyebox are determined in a manner similar to determining the HUD instantaneous monocular field of view. In this case, the HUD vendor has specified a minimum monocular FOV which must be visible for a location to be considered “within the eyebox”. To show compliance with this requirement, a theodolite is positioned at each edge of the three-dimensional
