1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2015 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AMS6499A AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION AMS6499 REV. A Issued 2010-07 Revised 2
5、015-06 Superseding AMS6499 Steel, Bars, Forgings, and Tubing 2.7Si - 0.85Cr - 1.8Ni - 0.4Mo - 0.2V - (0.37 - 0.44C) Double Vacuum Melted (Composition similar to UNS K54015) RATIONALE AMS6499A is a Five Year Review and update of the specification and revises macrostructure, decarburization and report
6、ing. 1. SCOPE 1.1 Form This specification covers a premium aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of bars, forgings, mechanical tubing, and forging stock. 1.2 Application These products have been used typically for parts requiring a through-hardening steel capable of developing a minimum hard
7、ness of 53 HRC in nominal cross-sectional thickness 3.5 inches (89 mm) and under, and being capable of producing finished parts that may be required to pass stringent inspection standards, but usage is not limited to such applications. 1.2.1 Certain design, processing procedures, or environmental co
8、nditions may cause these products to become susceptible to stress-corrosion cracking; ARP1110 recommends practices to minimize such conditions. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent sp
9、ecified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been cancelled and no superseding document has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply. 2.1 SAE Publications Avai
10、lable from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. AMS2251 Tolerances, Low-Alloy Steel Bars AMS2253 Tolerances, Carbon and Alloy Steel Tubing SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS6499A Page 2 of 9
11、AMS2259 Chemical Check Analysis Limits, Wrought Low-Alloy Steel and Carbon Steels AMS2300 Steel Cleanliness, Premium Aircraft-Quality, Magnetic Particle Inspection Procedure AMS2310 Qualification Sampling of Steels, Transverse Tensile Properties AMS2370 Quality Assurance Sampling and Testing, Carbon
12、 and Low-Alloy Steel, Wrought Products and Forging Stock AMS2372 Quality Assurance Sampling and Testing, Carbon and Low-Alloy Steel, Forgings AMS2806 Identification, Bars, Wire, Mechanical Tubing, and Extrusions, Carbon and Alloy Steels and Corrosion and Heat-Resistant Steels and Alloys AMS2808 Iden
13、tification, Forgings ARP1110 Minimizing Stress Corrosion Cracking in Wrought Forms of Steels and Corrosion Resistant Steels and Alloys AS1182 Standard Stock Removal Allowance, Aircraft-Quality and Premium Aircraft-Quality Steel Bars and Mechanical Tubing 2.2 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM Int
14、ernational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org. ASTM A370 Mechanical Testing of Steel Products ASTM A604 Macroetch Testing of Consumable Electrode Remelted Steel Bars and Billets ASTM E112 Determining Average Grain Size ASTM E350 C
15、hemical Analysis of Carbon Steel, Low-Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron, and Wrought Iron ASTM E384 Knoop and Vickers Hardness of Materials 3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Composition Shall conform to the percentages by weight shown in Table 1, determined by wet chemical methods in acc
16、ordance with ASTM E350, by spectrochemical methods, or by other analytical methods acceptable to purchaser. Table 1 - Composition Element min max Carbon 0.37 0.44 Manganese 0.50 0.95 Silicon 2.60 2.85 Phosphorus - 0.015 Sulfur - 0.010 Chromium 0.65 1.05 Nickel 1.50 2.10 Molybdenum 0.30 0.55 Vanadium
17、 0.10 0.30 SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS6499A Page 3 of 9 3.1.1 Check Analysis Composition variations shall meet the applicable requirements of AMS2259, except that check analysis limits carbon shall apply over maximum only. 3.2 Melting Practice Product shall be double vacuum melted, using vacuum induction
18、melting (VIM) followed by vacuum arc consumable electrode remelting (VAR). 3.3 Condition The product shall be supplied in the following condition; hardness and tensile strength shall be determined in accordance with ASTM A370: 3.3.1 Bars 3.3.1.1 Bars 0.500 inch (12.70 mm) and under in Nominal Diamet
19、er or Least Distance between Parallel Sides Cold finished having tensile strength not higher than 149 ksi (1027 MPa) or equivalent hardness (See 8.2). 3.3.1.2 Bars Over 0.500 inch (12.70 mm) in Nominal Diameter or Least Distance between Parallel Sides Hot finished, annealed, or normalized and temper
20、ed having hardness not higher than 311 HB, or equivalent (See 8.3). 3.3.1.3 Bar shall not be cut from plate (also see 4.4.2). 3.3.2 Forgings Normalized and tempered having hardness not higher than 311 HB, or equivalent (See 8.3). 3.3.3 Mechanical Tubing Annealed, normalized and tempered, or cold fin
21、ished having hardness not higher than 33 HRC, or equivalent (See 8.3). 3.3.4 Forging Stock As ordered by the forging manufacturer. 3.4 Properties The product shall conform to the following requirements; tensile and hardness testing shall be performed in accordance with ASTM A370: 3.4.1 Macrostructur
22、e Visual examination of transverse full cross-sections from bars, billets, tube rounds, and forging stock, etched in hot hydrochloric acid in accordance with ASTM A604, shall show no pipe or cracks. Porosity, segregation, inclusions, and other imperfections shall be no worse than the macrographs of
23、ASTM A604 shown in Table 2. Table 2 - Macrostructure limits Class Condition Severity 1 Freckles A 2 White Spots A 3 Radial Segregation B 4 Ring Pattern B SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS6499A Page 4 of 9 3.4.2 Average Grain Size of bars, forgings and mechanical tubing. 3.4.3 Shall be ASTM No. 6 or finer, deter
24、mined in accordance with ASTM E112. 3.4.4 Decarburization 3.4.4.1 Bars and tubing ordered ground, turned or polished shall be free from decarburization on the ground, turned or polished surfaces. Decarburization on tubing ID shall not exceed the maximum depth specified in Table 4. 3.4.4.2 Allowable
25、decarburization of bars, billets, and tube rounds ordered for redrawing or forging or to be specified microstructural requirements shall be agreed upon by purchaser and purchaser. 3.4.4.3 Decarburization of bars that 3.4.3.1 or 3.4.3.2 is not applicable shall be not greater than shown in Table 3. Ta
26、ble 3A - Maximum total depth of decarburization, bars, inch/ pound units Nominal Diameter or Distance Between Parallel Sides Inches Total Depth of Decarburization Inch Up to 0.375, incl 0.015 Over 0.375 to 0.500, incl 0.017 Over 0.500 to 0.675, incl 0.019 Over 0.675 to 1.000, incl 0.022 Over 1.000 t
27、o 1.500, incl 0.025 Over 1.500 to 2.000, incl 0.030 Over 2.000 to 2.500, incl 0.035 Over 2.500 to 3.000, incl 0.040 Over 3.000 to 5.000, incl 0.045 Table 3B - Maximum total depth of decarburization, bars, SI units Nominal Diameter or Distance Between Parallel Sides Millimeters Total Depth of Decarbu
28、rization Millimeters Up to 9.52, incl 0.38 Over 9.52 to 12.70, incl 0.43 Over 12.70 to 15.88, incl 0.48 Over 15.88 to 25.40, incl 0.56 Over 25.40 to 38.10, incl 0.64 Over 38.10 to 50.80, incl 0.76 Over 50.80 to 63.50, incl 0.89 Over 63.50 to 76.20, incl 1.02 Over 76.20 to 127.00, incl 1.14 3.4.4.4 D
29、ecarburization of tubing that 3.4.3.1 or 3.4.3.2 is not applicable shall be not greater than shown in Table 4. Table 4A - Maximum total depth of decarburization, tubing, inch/ pound units Nominal Diameter or Distance Between Parallel Sides Inches Total Depth of Decarburization Inch ID Total Depth of
30、 Decarburization Inch OD Up to 0.109, incl 0.008 0.015 Over 0.109 to 0.203, incl 0.010 0.020 Over 0.203 to 0.400, incl 0.012 0.025 Over 0.400 to 0.600, incl 0.015 0.030 Over 0.600 to 1.000, incl 0.017 0.035 Over 1.000 0.020 0.040 SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS6499A Page 5 of 9 Table 4B - Maximum total depth
31、of depth of decarburization, tubing, SI units Nominal Wall Thickness Millimeters Total Depth of Decarburization Millimeter ID Total Depth of Decarburization Millimeters OD Up to 2.77, incl 0.20 0.38 Over 2.77 to 5.16, incl 0.25 0.51 Over 5.16 to 10.16, incl 0.30 0.64 Over 10.16 to 15.24, incl 0.38 0
32、.76 Over 15.24 to 25.40, incl 0.43 0.89 Over 25.40 0.51 1.02 3.4.4.5 Decarburization shall be evaluated by one of the two methods of 3.4.4.5.1 or 3.4.4.5.2. 3.4.4.5.1 Metallographic Method A cross section taken perpendicular to the surface shall be prepared, etched, and visually examined metallograp
33、hically at a magnification not to exceed 100X. Optical indications of decarburization (including complete decarburization ferrite plus partial decarburization) shall not exceed the limits of Tables 3 or Table 4. 3.4.4.5.2 Hardness Traverse Method The total depth of decarburization shall be determine
34、d by a traverse method using microhardness testing in accordance with ASTM E384, at a magnification not exceeding 100X, conducted on a hardened but untempered specimen protected during heat treatment to prevent changes in surface carbon content. Depth of decarburization is defined as the perpendicul
35、ar distance from the surface to the depth under that surface where there is not further increase in hardness. Such measurements shall be far enough away from any adjacent surface to be uninfluenced by any decarburization on the adjacent surface. Acceptance shall be as listed in Tables 3 or 4. 3.4.4.
36、5.2.1 When determining the depth of decarburization, it is permissible to disregard local areas provided the decarburization of such areas does not exceed the above limits by more than 0.005 inch (0.13 mm) and the width is 0.065 inches (1.65 mm) or less. 3.4.4.5.3 In case of dispute, the total depth
37、 of decarburization determined using the microhardness traverse method shall govern. 3.4.5 Response to Heat Treatment of Bars, Forgings and Mechanical Tubing Specimens shall have the properties of Tables 5 and 6 after heat treatment as follows: Normalize by heating to 1750 F 25 (955 C 14), holding a
38、t heat for 60 minutes 5, and transfer to a furnace at 1290 F 25 (700 C 14), holding at heat for 24 hours 1, and cooling to room temperature at a rate equivalent to air cooling Hardened by heating to 1720 F 25 (940 C 14), holding at heat for 60 minutes 5, and quenching in oil Within 4 hours 0.4 after
39、 quenching, sub-zero treat at -100 F 10 (-73 C 6) holding at temperature for 4 hours 0.4 Air warm to room temperature Double tempered by heating to 575 F 10 (302 C 6), holding at heat for 2 hours 0.2, cooling in air to room temperature, then temper a second time by reheating to 575 F 10 (302 C 6), h
40、olding at heat for 2 hours 0.2, and cooling in air. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS6499A Page 6 of 9 3.4.5.1 Longitudinal Tensile Properties Shall be as shown in Table 5; testing in the longitudinal direction need not be performed on product tested in the transverse direction. Table 5A - Minimum longitudinal
41、tensile properties, inch/pound units Specimen Orientation Tensile Strength ksi Yield Strength at 0.2% Offset ksi Elongation in 2 Inches or 4D % Reduction of Area % Longitudinal 305 250 7 30 Table 5B - Minimum longitudinal tensile properties, SI units Specimen Orientation Tensile Strength MPa Yield S
42、trength at 0.2% Offset MPa Elongation in 50.8 mm or 4D % Reduction of Area % Longitudinal 2100 1725 7 30 3.4.5.2 Transverse Tensile Properties Shall be as shown in Table 6, determined on specimens selected and prepared in accordance with AMS2310; transverse tensile property requirements of Table 6 a
43、pply only to product that tensile specimens not less than 2.50 inches (63.5 mm) in length can be taken. Table 6A - Minimum transverse tensile properties, inch/pound units Specimen Orientation Tensile Strength ksi Yield Strength at 0.2% Offset ksi Elongation in 2 Inches or 4D % Reduction of Area % Tr
44、ansverse 305 250 7 25 Table 6B - Minimum transverse tensile properties, SI units Specimen Orientation Tensile Strength MPa Yield Strength at 0.2% Offset MPa Elongation in 50.8 mm or 4D % Reduction of Area % Transverse 2100 1725 7 25 3.5 Quality The product, as received by purchaser, shall be uniform
45、 in quality and condition, sound, and free from foreign materials and from imperfections detrimental to usage of the product. 3.5.1 Steel shall be premium aircraft-quality conforming to AMS2300. 3.5.2 Product ordered hot finished or cold finished, or ground, turned, or polished shall, after removal
46、of the standard stock removal allowance in accordance with AS1182, be free from seams, laps, tears, and cracks open to the machined, ground, turned, or polished surface. 3.5.3 Grain flow of die forgings, except in areas which contain flash-line end grain, shall follow the general contour of the forg
47、ings showing no evidence of reentrant grain flow. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS6499A Page 7 of 9 3.6 Tolerances 3.6.1 Bar In accordance with AMS2251. 3.6.2 Mechanical Tubing In accordance with AMS2253. 4. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS 4.1 Responsibility for Inspection The purchaser of the product shall suppl
48、y all samples for purchasers tests and shall be responsible for the performance of all required tests. Purchaser reserves the right to sample and to perform any confirmatory testing deemed necessary to ensure that the product conforms to specified requirements. 4.2 Classification of Tests 4.2.1 Acce
49、ptance Tests Composition (3.1), condition (3.3), macrostructure (3.4.1), average grain size (3.4.2), decarburization (3.4.3), response to heat treatment (3.4.4), and tolerances (3.6) are acceptance tests and shall be performed on each heat or lot as applicable. 4.2.2 Periodic Tests Frequency-severity cleanliness rating (3.5.1) and grain flow of die forgings (3.5.
