1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2015 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AMS4931E AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION AMS4931 REV. E Issued 1987-01 Revised 2
5、015-07 Superseding AMS4931D Titanium Alloy Bars, Forgings, and Rings 6Al - 4V Extra Low Interstitial (ELI) Duplex Annealed, Fracture Toughness (Composition similar to UNS R56400) RATIONALE AMS4931E results from a Five Year Review and update of this specification that includes the removal of sample s
6、ize allowance for hydrogen of Table 1 (covered by ASTM E1447), requires agreement on mechanical property values for material outside specification ranges (3.5.1.1.3 and 8.6), adds AS6279 (3.8) and AMS2368 (4.3 and 4.5) and revises the report paragraph (4.4). 1. SCOPE 1.1 Form This specification cove
7、rs a titanium alloy in the form of bars 6.000 inches (152.40 mm) and under in nominal diameter or least distance between parallel sides, forgings and flash welded rings 6.000 inches (152.40 mm) and under in thickness, and stock for forging and stock for flash welded rings of any size. 1.2 Applicatio
8、n These products have been used typically for parts requiring a combination of high tensile strength up to 750 F (399 C) and high fracture toughness, but usage is not limited to such applications. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase orde
9、r forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been cancelled and no superseding document has been specified, the last published issue of
10、 that document shall apply. 2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. AMS2241 Tolerances, Corrosion and Heat-Resistant Steel, Iron Alloy, Titanium,
11、 and Titanium Alloy Bars and Wire AMS2249 Chemical Check Analysis Limits, Titanium and Titanium Alloys SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS4931E Page 2 of 8 AMS2368 Sampling and Testing of Wrought Titanium Raw Material Except Forgings and Forging Stock AMS2750 Pyrometry AMS2808 Identification Forgings AMS2809 Iden
12、tification, Titanium and Titanium Alloy Wrought Products AMS7498 Rings, Flash Welded, Titanium and Titanium Alloys AS6279 Production, Distribution, and Procurement of Metal Stock 2.2 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1942
13、8-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org. ASTM E8/E8M Tension Testing of Metallic Materials ASTM E399 Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness KICof Metallic Materials ASTM E539 Analysis of Titanium Alloys by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry ASTM E1409 Determination of Oxygen and Nitrogen in Tit
14、anium and Titanium Alloys by the Inert Gas Fusion Method ASTM E1447 Determination of Hydrogen in Titanium and Titanium Alloys by the Inert Gas Fusion Thermal Conductivity/Infrared Detection Method ASTM E1941 Determination of Carbon in Refractory and Reactive Metals and Their Alloys by Combustion Ana
15、lysis ASTM E2371 Analysis of Titanium and Titanium Alloys by Direct Current Plasma and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry 3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Composition Shall conform to the percentages by weight shown in Table 1; carbon shall be determined in accordance with ASTM E19
16、41, hydrogen in accordance with ASTM E1447, oxygen and nitrogen in accordance with ASTM E1409, and other elements in accordance with ASTM E539 or ASTM E2371. Other analytical methods may be used if acceptable to the purchaser. Table 1 - Composition Element min max Aluminum 5.50 6.50 Vanadium 3.50 4.
17、50 Iron - 0.25 Oxygen - 0.130 Carbon - 0.08 Nitrogen - 0.03 (300 ppm) Hydrogen (3.1.1) - 0.0125 (125 ppm) Yttrium (3.1.2) - 0.005 ( 50 ppm) Other Elements, each (3.1.2) - 0.10 Other Elements, total (3.1.2) - 0.40 Titanium remainder SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS4931E Page 3 of 8 3.1.1 Hydrogen content of for
18、gings may be as high as 0.0150 (150 ppm). 3.1.2 Determination not required for routine acceptance. If yttrium content is determined, no variation over maximum will be permitted for yttrium. 3.1.3 Check Analysis Composition variations shall meet the applicable requirements of AMS2249. 3.2 Melting Pra
19、ctice Alloy shall be multiple melted. The first melt shall be made by vacuum consumable electrode, nonconsumable electrode, electron beam cold hearth, or plasma arc cold hearth melting practice. The subsequent melt or melts shall be made under vacuum using vacuum arc remelting (VAR) practice. Alloy
20、additions are not permitted in the final melt cycle. 3.2.1 The atmosphere for nonconsumable electrode melting shall be vacuum or shall be argon and/or helium at an absolute pressure not higher than 1000 mm of mercury. 3.2.2 The electrode tip for nonconsumable electrode melting shall be water-cooled
21、copper. 3.3 Condition The product shall be supplied in the following condition: 3.3.1 Bars Hot finished with or without subsequent cold reduction, duplex annealed, and descaled. The product shall be processed to the final thickness/diameter by metallurgical working operations prior to any straighten
22、ing, dimensional sizing or surface finishing operations. Bar shall not cut from plate. 3.3.2 Forgings and Flash Welded Rings Duplex annealed and descaled. 3.3.2.1 Flash welded rings shall not be supplied unless specified or permitted on purchasers part drawing. When supplied, rings shall be manufact
23、ured in accordance with AMS7498. 3.3.3 Stock for Forging or Flash Welded Rings As ordered by the forging or flash welded ring manufacturer. 3.4 Heat Treatment Bars, forgings, and flash welded rings shall be duplex annealed as follows; pyrometry shall be in accordance with AMS2750: 3.4.1 Solution Ann
24、eal Heat to a temperature within the range 50 to 100 F (28 to 56 C) degrees below the beta transus, hold at the selected temperature within 25 F (14 C) for not less than 1 hour, and cool in air. 3.4.1.1 Beta transus temperature shall be measured with an accuracy of 15 F (8 C) (See 8.3). 3.4.2 Anneal
25、 Reheat to a temperature within the range 1300 to 1400 F (704 to 760 C), hold at the selected temperature within 25 F (14 C) for not less than 1 hour, and cool in air. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS4931E Page 4 of 8 3.5 Properties The product shall conform to the following requirements: 3.5.1 Bars, Forgings,
26、 and Flash Welded Rings Bars 6.000 inches (152.40 mm) and under in nominal diameter or least distance between parallel sides and forgings and flash welded rings 6.000 inches (152.40 mm) and under in nominal thickness shall conform to the following requirements. 3.5.1.1 Tensile Properties Shall be as
27、 specified in Table 2, determined in accordance with ASTM E8/E8M on specimens as in 4.3.1.2 with the rate of strain set at 0.005 inch/inch/minute (0.005 mm/mm/minute) and maintained within a tolerance of 0.002 inch/inch/minute (0.002 mm/mm/minute) through the 0.2% offset yield strain. Table 2A - Min
28、imum tensile properties, inch/pound units Nominal Diameter or Least Distance Between Parallel Sides Inches Tensile Strength ksi Yield Strength at 0.2% Offset ksi Elongation in 4D % Reduction of Area % Long. L.T. S.T. Long. L.T. S.T. Up to 3.000, incl 125 115 10 10 8 25 20 - Over 3.000 to 4.000, incl
29、 123 110 10 10 8 20 20 15 Over 4.000 to 6.000, incl 120 110 8 8 6 20 15 15 Note: Long. = Longitudinal L.T. = Long Transverse S.T. = Short Transverse Table 2B - Minimum tensile properties, SI units Nominal Diameter or Least Distance Between Parallel Sides Millimeters Tensile Strength MPa Yield Streng
30、th at 0.2% Offset MPa Elongation in 4D % Reduction of Area % Long. L.T. S.T. Long. L.T. S.T. Up to 76.20, incl 862 793 10 10 8 25 20 - Over 76.20 to 101.60, incl 848 758 10 10 8 20 20 15 Over 101.60 to 152.40, incl 827 758 8 8 6 20 15 15 Note: Long. = Longitudinal L.T. = Long Transverse S.T. = Short
31、 Transverse 3.5.1.1.1 Tensile and yield strength properties apply in both the longitudinal and transverse directions but tests in the transverse direction need be made only on product that a specimen not less than 2.50 inches (63.5 mm) in length can be obtained. 3.5.1.1.2 Specimens for the longitudi
32、nal requirements in Table 2 shall be taken with the axis of the specimen approximately parallel to the grain flow for bars and forgings and specimens shall be taken in the circumferential direction from flash welded rings. 3.5.1.1.3 Mechanical property requirements for product outside the size range
33、 covered by Table 2 shall be agreed upon between purchaser and producer. 3.5.1.2 Fracture Toughness A valid KICfracture toughness of 70 ksi inch (77 MPa m) minimum in accordance with ASTM E399 for all specimen orientations shall be obtained for bars and rings 0.50 inch (12.7 mm) and over in section
34、thickness and forgings in all section thicknesses. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS4931E Page 5 of 8 3.5.1.2.1 To facilitate determination of fracture toughness a tensile specimen taken immediately adjacent to the location of the fracture toughness specimen is required. Fracture planes of the tensile and KICsp
35、ecimen shall be in the same orientation. If a tensile specimen cannot be excised with the fracture plane in the same orientation as that of the fracture toughness specimen, the orientation of the tensile specimen shall be as approved by the purchaser. 3.5.1.2.2 If a KQ value is invalid solely on the
36、 basis of either W-a is less than 2.5 (KQ/TYS)2 or Pmax/PQ is greater than 1.10 and the thickest possible specimen has been used, the KQ value may be used to satisfy the minimum KICrequirements of 3.5.1.2. KQ values invalid on the basis of criteria other than those listed above shall not be used to
37、satisfy the minimum KICrequirements of 3.5.1.2, but an additional specimen may be tested as allowed by 4.5. 3.5.1.3 Microstructure Shall be that structure resulting from processing within the alpha-beta phase field. Microstructure shall conform to 3.5.1.3.1 or 3.5.1.3.2. 3.5.1.3.1 Equiaxed and/or el
38、ongated primary alpha in a transformed beta matrix with no continuous network of alpha at prior beta grain boundaries. 3.5.1.3.2 Essentially complete field of equiaxed and/or elongated alpha with or without intergranular beta and with no continuous network of alpha at prior beta grain boundaries. 3.
39、5.1.4 Surface Contamination Except as specified by 3.5.1.4.1 and 3.5.1.4.2, the product shall be free of any oxygen-rich layer, such as alpha case, or other surface contamination, determined by microscopic examination at not lower than 400X magnification or other method acceptable to purchaser. 3.5.
40、1.4.1 An oxygen-rich layer (See 8.2) not greater than 0.001 inch (0.025 mm) in depth will be permitted on bars other than rounds. 3.5.1.4.2 When permitted by purchaser, forgings and flash welded rings to be machined all over may have an oxygen-rich layer provided such layer is removable within the m
41、achining allowance on the forging or flash welded ring. 3.5.2 Stock for Forging When a sample of stock is forged to a test coupon, having a degree of mechanical working not greater than the forging, and heat treated as in 3.4, specimens taken from the heat treated coupon shall conform to the require
42、ments of 3.5.1.1 and 3.5.1.2. If specimens taken from the stock after heat treatment as in 3.4 conform to the requirements of 3.5.1.1 and 3.5.1.2, the tests shall be accepted as equivalent to tests of a forged coupon. 3.5.3 Stock for Flash Welded Rings Specimens taken from stock heat treated as in 3
43、.4 shall conform to the requirements of 3.5.1.1 and 3.5.1.2. 3.6 Quality The product, as received by purchaser, shall be uniform in quality and condition, sound, and free from foreign materials and from imperfections detrimental to usage of the product. 3.7 Tolerances Bars shall conform to all appli
44、cable requirements of AMS2241. 3.8 Production, distribution, and procurement of metal stock shall comply with AS6279. This requirement becomes effective September 1, 2016. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS4931E Page 6 of 8 4. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS 4.1 Responsibility for Inspection The producer of the pro
45、duct shall supply all samples for producers tests and shall be responsible for the performance of all required tests. Purchaser reserves the right to sample and to perform any confirmatory testing deemed necessary to ensure that the product conforms to specified requirements. 4.2 Classification of T
46、ests 4.2.1 Acceptance Tests The following requirements are acceptance tests and shall be performed on each heat or lot as applicable: 4.2.1.1 Composition (3.1) of each heat. 4.2.1.2 Hydrogen content (3.1), tensile properties (3.5.1.1), fracture toughness (3.5.1.2), microstructure (3.5.1.3), and surf
47、ace contamination (3.5.1.4) of each lot of bars, forgings, and flash welded rings. 4.2.1.3 Tolerances (3.7) of each lot of bars. 4.2.2 Periodic Tests Stock for forging (3.5.2) and stock for flash welded rings (3.5.3) to demonstrate ability to develop required properties are periodic tests and shall
48、be performed at a frequency selected by the producer unless frequency of testing is specified by purchaser. 4.3 Sampling and Testing Shall be in accordance with AMS2368 and the following; a lot shall be all product of the same nominal size from the same heat, processed at the same time, and duplex a
49、nnealed as a heat treat batch: 4.3.1 For Acceptance Tests 4.3.1.1 Composition One sample from each heat, except that for hydrogen determinations one sample from each lot obtained after thermal and chemical processing is completed. 4.3.1.2 Tensile Properties One sample from bars and flash welded rings from each lot. One longitudinal specimen from each lot of forgings from a section having maximum thickness an
