1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2017 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/standards.sae.org/AMS2647F AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION AMS2647 REV. F Issued 1985-04 Revised 2017-09 Superse
5、ding AMS2647E Fluorescent Penetrant Inspection Aircraft and Engine Component Maintenance RATIONALE AMS2647F revises Cleaning (3.3.4.3), Mechanical Surface Treatment (3.3.6), Visual Examination (3.4.1.2), System Performance Check (4.2.1), UV-A Sources (4.3, Table 2) and Radiometer/Light meters (4.4),
6、 and is a Five-Year Review and update of this specification. 1. SCOPE 1.1 Purpose This specification details requirements and procedures for the detection of defects in aircraft and engine components during maintenance and overhaul operations. 1.1.1 This specification contains three appendices which
7、 provide additional guidance designed to supplement the information contained in the main body of the document. Because the guidance contained in the appendices is either subjective in nature or may have alternative acceptable approaches, it is not intended to be binding unless specifically invoked
8、by the Cognizant Engineering Organization (CEO), an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM), or other contractual agreement. Personnel performing inspections to this specification should be familiar with the guidance and exercise good judgment if variance from this guidance is necessary. The following
9、 appendices are included: 1.1.1.1 Appendix A - Guidelines for Design, Procurement and/or Fabrication of Penetrant Systems 1.1.1.2 Appendix B - Guidelines for Assessment of Background Fluorescence 1.1.1.3 Appendix C - Processing and Inspection of Drum Rotors/Deep Well Spools and Other Complex Parts w
10、/Limited Accessibility 1.2 Processing of parts and interpretation and evaluation of indications revealed by this inspection process shall be accomplished by qualified personnel having experience with fluorescent penetrant inspection. Qualification of personnel shall be in accordance with ATA 105, NA
11、S 410, EN 4179, or ASNT SNT-TC-1A. 1.3 Basis of Application This process has been used typically by maintenance and overhaul facilities to inspect aircraft and engine components and associated accessories when fluorescent penetrant inspection is specified, but usage is not limited to such applicatio
12、ns. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2647F Page 2 of 42 1.3.1 There are areas in this document that may require specific direction from the OEM or CEO. This direction shall be provided in the part material specification for each part in the following areas: 1.3.1.1 Etching Requirements If not specified, etching
13、 will not be performed (see 3.3.6). 1.3.1.2 Cleaning Requirements If not specified, solvent cleaning using Alcohol, Acetone or Methyl Ethyl Ketone (where locally approved) (see 3.4) or an approved QPL-AMS-2644 solvent cleaner/remover is acceptable. 1.3.1.3 Surface Coating Removal If not specified, p
14、arts may be inspected with the surface coating intact (see 3.3.4, 3.3.4.1 and 3.3.4.2). 1.3.1.4 Penetrant Sensitivity Level If not specified, Sensitivity Level 3 penetrants shall be used on all airframe hardware and components and Sensitivity Level 4 penetrants shall be used on all Major Rotating co
15、mponents of engines and Auxiliary Power Units. 1.3.1.5 Penetrant Method If not specified, Type I, Methods A, C, or D may be used except for major rotating engine hardware which shall only be inspected using Type I, Methods C or D. 1.3.1.6 Drying If not specified, air-circulating oven drying shall be
16、 used. If other heat-assisted drying methods are used, they shall be approved by the CEO. 1.3.1.7 Developer If not specified, dry developer (Form a) shall be used. 1.3.1.8 Inspection Coverage If not specified, the areas described in 3.4.12.1 shall be inspected. If inspection of areas requiring speci
17、al equipment or techniques (i.e., UV-A borescopes or light sources, special material application or removal devices, part handling fixtures, part masking, etc.) is necessary, detailed instructions shall be provided by the OEM part or material specification. When specific areas of parts require inten
18、sified inspection scrutiny, due to either their critical nature or past history of failure, this information shall be included in the repair or inspection manual or document. 1.3.1.9 Post-Inspection Cleaning If not specified, parts shall be cleaned and dried after inspection to remove inspection res
19、idue which may be detrimental to subsequent operations or impair the structural or functional integrity of the part. 1.3.1.10 Processing Parameters Shall be as specified within this document. If approved by the OEM, different processing parameters, other than those specified herein, may be used. 1.3
20、.1.11 Acceptance Criteria This specification does not provide accept/reject criteria for specific components. Where no accept/reject criteria are specified by the CEO, all relevant indications shall be regarded as suspect and shall not be accepted without review by the CEO. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2647
21、F Page 3 of 42 1.4 Classification of Penetrant Systems 1.4.1 Applicable fluorescent penetrant systems are classified into the following Types, Methods, and Sensitivity Levels: Type I - Fluorescent dye Type II - Visible Dye (not applicable to this specification) Method A: Water-Washable Method B: Pos
22、t-Emulsifiable, Lipophilic Method C: Solvent Removable Method D: Post-Emulsifiable, Hydrophilic Sensitivity Level 2: Medium Sensitivity Level 3: High Sensitivity Level 4: Ultra-high 1.4.2 Applicable developers are classified into four forms. Form a Dry Powder Developer Form b Aqueous Soluble Develop
23、er Form c Aqueous Suspendable Developer Form d Nonaqueous Wet Developer (NAWD) 1.5 Safety - Hazardous Materials While the materials, methods, applications, and processes described or referenced in this specification may involve the use of hazardous materials, this specification does not address the
24、hazards which may be involved in such use. It is the sole responsibility of the user to ensure familiarity with the safe and proper use of any hazardous materials and to take necessary precautionary measures to ensure the health and safety of all personnel involved. 1.5.1 Safety Precautions Protecti
25、ve clothing, including eye shields, suitable gloves, and aprons should be worn when filling tanks or when there is a possibility of splashing or overspray. Tanks should be covered when not in use and should be operated with adequate ventilation for fume extraction. Operating instructions from the ma
26、nufacturer of the system employed together with local workshop regulations shall be followed. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequ
27、ent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been cancelled and no superseding document has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply. 2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Dri
28、ve, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. AMS2644 Inspection Material, Penetrant ARP1917 Clarification of Terms Used in Aerospace Metals Specifications 2.2 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harb
29、or Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org. ASTM E1135 Comparing the Brightness of Fluorescent Penetrants SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2647F Page 4 of 42 ASTM E1417 Liquid Penetrant Testing ASTM E2297 Use of UV-A and Visible Light Sources and Meters used in th
30、e Liquid Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Methods ASTM E3022 Measurement of Emission Characteristics and Requirements for LED UV-A Lamps Used for Fluorescent Penetrant and Magnetic Particle Testing 2.3 U.S. Government Publications Copies of these documents are available online at http:/quicksearch.dl
31、a.mil. QPL-AMS2644 Inspection Material, Penetrant 2.4 Airlines for America (A4A) Specifications Available from Airlines for America (A4A) America, 1301 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Suite 1100, Washington, DC 20004-1707, Tel: 202-626-4000, www.airlines.org. ATA Specification 105 Guidelines for Training/Q
32、ualifying Personnel in Non-Destructive Testing Methods 2.5 AIA Specifications Available from Aerospace Industries Association, 1000 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 1700, Arlington, VA 22209-3928, Tel: 703-358-1000, www.aia-aerospace.org. NAS 410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructive Test Personn
33、el 2.6 ASNT Documents Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing, P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Lane, Columbus, OH 43228-0518, 800-222-2768 (inside U.S. and Canada), 614-274-6003 (outside USA), www.asnt.org. SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualification in Nondestructiv
34、e Testing 2.7 EN Documents Available from the British Standards Institute, 389 Chiswick High Road, London, W4 4AL, United Kingdom, +44 (0)20 8996 9001, www.bsi-. EN 4179 Qualification and approval of personnel for non-destructive testing 2.8 Terms used in AMS are clarified in ARP1917 and as follows:
35、 2.8.1 ANGSTROM: A unit of length formerly used to express wavelength of electromagnetic radiation. One angstrom equals 0.1 nanometer. 2.8.2 BACKGROUND: The surface of the part upon which the indication is viewed. It may be either the natural surface of the test part or the developer coating on the
36、surface. 2.8.3 BACKGROUND FLUORESCENCE: Fluorescent residues observed over the general surface of the test part. Local areas of background fluorescence are generally caused by improper penetrant removal or surface contamination. Such contamination, if present, can interfere with the visibility of de
37、fect indications. 2.8.4 CAKED: A semi-solid condition of dry developer caused by moisture or other liquid contaminants. 2.8.5 CAPILLARY ACTION: The tendency of certain liquids to travel, climb, or draw into tight crack-like interface areas due to such properties as surface tension, wetting, cohesion
38、, and adhesion. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2647F Page 5 of 42 2.8.6 COGNIZANT ENGINEERING ORGANIZATION (CEO): The company, agency, or other authority responsible for the design or delivery, and the end use of the system or component for which liquid penetrant examination is required. This in addition to d
39、esign personnel may include personnel from material and process engineering, stress analysis, NDT or quality groups, as appropriate. 2.8.7 CONTACT TIME: The total time between application and removal of the penetrant or emulsifier or remover, or both. 2.8.8 CONTAMINANTS: Any material or material res
40、idue which interferes with entry of the penetrant into surface discontinuities. Also pertains to material left on the surface of the part because of improper cleaning and retained residual penetrant. Can also mean undesired materials in the penetrant, emulsifier, and remover, which affect their perf
41、ormance 2.8.9 DAILY: Each day that the system is in use. 2.8.10 DARK ADAPTATION: The adjustment of the eyes, which commences when one passes from a bright to a darkened place. 2.8.11 DEFECT: Discontinuity, which exceeds specified acceptance criteria. 2.8.12 DEGREASING: A cleaning method using solven
42、ts or cleaners employed to remove oil and grease from the surface of the part before the penetrant is applied. 2.8.13 DEVELOPER: A material that is applied to the test part surface after the excess penetrant has been removed and that is designed to enhance the penetrant bleedout to form indications.
43、 The developer may be a fine dry powder, or a suspension (in solvent or water) that dries leaving an absorbent film on the test part surface. 2.8.14 DEVELOPER, DRY: A dry, fine powder that is applied as a dust to the test part after the excess penetrant is removed and the surface dried. 2.8.15 DEVEL
44、OPER, NONAQUEOUS WET (NAWD): A developer consisting of fine particles suspended in a volatile solvent which is applied by spraying onto the test part surface after the excess penetrant is removed and the surface dried. 2.8.16 DEVELOPER, SOLUBLE: A material completely soluble in its carrier (usually
45、water) which dries to an absorbent coating. It is applied to the part after removal of the excess penetrant and prior to drying. 2.8.17 DEVELOPING TIME: The elapsed time between the application of dry developer or NAWD and the examination of the part for indications. Also the elapsed time between re
46、moval of the part from the dryer and the examination when using water-soluble developer. 2.8.18 DISCONTINUITY: Any interruption in the normal physical structure or configuration of a part, such as cracks, laps, seams, inclusions, or porosity. A discontinuity may or may not be a relevant defect. 2.8.
47、19 DRAIN TIME: That portion of the contact or dwell time during which the excess penetrant, emulsifier, or remover drains off the test piece. 2.8.20 DRYING OVEN: A low temperature oven used for drying rinse water from the test part or to hasten drying of aqueous wet developer. 2.8.21 DRYING TIME: Th
48、e time required for a rinsed or wet-developed part to dry. 2.8.22 DWELL TIME: The total time that a penetrant, emulsifier, remover, or developer spends in contact with the component. For aqueous and nonaqueous developers, the dwell time starts after the developer is dry on the component. 2.8.23 EMUL
49、SIFIER: A liquid that interacts with an oily penetrant to make it water washable. 2.8.24 EMULSIFICATION TIME: The total time that an emulsifier is permitted to combine with the penetrant prior to removal by water. SAE INTERNATIONAL AMS2647F Page 6 of 42 2.8.25 ENGINE PARTS: Disassembled turbine or reciprocating engine parts or components. 2.8.26 MAJOR ROTATING COMPONENTS: A rotating part whose life is governed by low cycle
