1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2011 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication m
3、ay be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside U
4、SA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AMS2433C AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION AMS 2433 REV. C Issued 1986-01 Revised 2004-10 Reaf
5、firmed 2011-10 Superseding AMS 2433B Plating, Nickel-Thallium-Boron or Nickel-Boron Electroless Deposition 1. SCOPE: 1.1 Purpose: This specification covers the requirements for an electroless nickel-thallium-boron or nickel-boron deposit on various substrates. 1.2 Application: This process has been
6、used typically to provide a hard, ductile, wear-resistant surface for operation in service up to 1000 F (538 C), to provide uniform build-up on complex shapes, and to enhance solderability of surfaces, but usage is not limited to such applications. This process is not generally recommended for mater
7、ials subject to overtempering or high temperature embrittlement when exposed to the post-plating heat treatment of 675 F (357C) for 90 minutes. See 3.3.1 and 3.3.1.1. 1.3 Classification: The deposits covered by this specification are classified by composition as follows: Type 1 - Nickel-Thallium-Bor
8、on Type 2 - Nickel-Boron Unless otherwise specified, Type 1 shall be supplied. 1.4 Safety - Hazardous Materials: While the materials, methods, applications, and processes described or referenced in this specification may involve the use of hazardous materials, this specification does not address the
9、 hazards which may be involved in such use. It is the sole responsibility of the user to ensure familiarity with the safe and proper use of any hazardous materials and to take necessary precautionary measures to ensure the health and safety of all personnel involved. SAE AMS 2433C Page 2 of 9 2. APP
10、LICABLE DOCUMENTS: The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced docum
11、ent has been cancelled and no superseding document has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply. 2.1 SAE Publications: Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 or www.sae.org. AMS 4751 Solder, Tin-Lead, Eutectic, 63Sn-37Pb 2.2 ASTM Publicatio
12、ns: Available from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 or www.astm.org. ASTM B 117 Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Testing Apparatus ASTM B 253 Preparation of Aluminum Alloys for Electroplating ASTM B 487 Measurement of Metal and Oxide Coating Thicknesses by Micro
13、scopical Examination of a Cross Section ASTM B 567 Measurement of Coating Thickness by the Beta Backscatter Method ASTM B 568 Measurement of Coating Thickness by X-Ray Spectrometry ASTM B 571 Adhesion of Metallic Coatings ASTM B 578 Microhardness of Electroplated Coatings ASTM D 2714 Calibration and
14、 Operation of the Alpha Model LFW-1 Friction and Wear Testing Machine ASTM E 376 Measuring Coating Thickness by Magnetic-Field or Eddy-Current (Electromagnetic Test Methods). ASTM E 1097 Direct Current Plasma Emission Spectrometry Analysis 3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS: 3.1 Preparation: 3.1.1 Parts shal
15、l be within drawing dimension limits before plating, except as specified in 3.1.1.1. 3.1.1.1 Parts having part numbers with the prefix AN, MA, MS, or AS, and required to be plated in accordance with this specification, or parts where the drawing specifies that dimensions apply after plating, shall b
16、e made to such dimension that parts will be within drawing limits after plating. Undercutting before plating shall not be permitted unless specifically authorized by specifications referenced on the applicable drawing. SAE AMS 2433C Page 3 of 9 3.1.2 Parts having hardness higher than 40 HRC and whic
17、h have been machined or ground after heat treatment shall be cleaned to remove surface contamination and stress relieved before preparation for plating. Temperatures to which parts are heated shall be such that maximum stress-relief is obtained without reducing hardness of parts below drawing limits
18、, but, unless otherwise specified, not less than 275 F (135 C) for not less than five hours for parts 55 HRC or over, or not less than 375 F (191 C) for not less than four hours for other parts. 3.1.3 Any specified residual compressive stress-inducing operations, such as shot peening, shall follow s
19、tress-relieving but precede plating. 3.1.4 Parts shall have clean surfaces, free of waterbreak, prior to immersion in the plating solution. 3.1.4.1 Alkaline cleaning of steel parts over 36 HRC may be performed with anodic current but steel parts shall not be cathodically cleaned. 3.1.4.2 For titaniu
20、m and titanium alloys, cleaning solutions shall not contain methanol or halogenated hydrocarbons, and chloride content of final rinse water shall not exceed 50 parts per million. 3.1.5 Except for barrel plating, electrical contact points shall be as follows: For parts which are to be plated alL over
21、, locations shall be acceptable to purchaser. For parts which are not to be plated all over, locations shall be in areas on which plating is not required. 3.2 Procedure: 3.2.1 Plating shall be deposited directly on basis metals without a prior flash of other metal except as follows: 3.2.1.1 For alum
22、inum and aluminum alloys, zinc immersion treatment in accordance with ASTM B 253 may be used. 3.2.1.2 For corrosion resistant steel, nickel, and cobalt alloys, a flash or strike of nickel or copper may be used. 3.2.1.3 A nickel or copper flash may be used on other basis metals when permitted by purc
23、haser. 3.2.2 The plated parts shall be removed from the plating solution, rinsed, and air dried. Any maskant shall be removed from parts. 3.2.3 Spotting-in is not permitted. 3.3 Post Treatment: 3.3.1 Plated parts, except as specified in 3.3.1.1, shall be heat treated for 90 minutes 10 at 675 F 15 (3
24、57 C 8). Post thermal treatment shall start within four hours after completion of plating. SAE AMS 2433C Page 4 of 9 3.3.1.1 Cold-worked or heat-treated parts, including carburized parts, and aluminum and aluminum alloy parts, precipitation-hardenable alloy parts which may decrease in hardness, and
25、other parts requiring special handling shall be post-treated at a temperature acceptable to purchaser. 3.3.2 When specified on the drawing, plated parts shall be coated with a solid film lubricant or polymer to improve corrosion resistance and/or reduce coefficient of friction. 3.4 Properties: The p
26、lating shall conform to the following requirements: 3.4.1 Composition: Deposit shall be homogeneous, conforming to one of the following compositions in percentage by weight, determined in accordance with ASTM E 1097 or other method acceptable to purchaser. Type 1: Nickel plus 2.5 to 5.0% Boron and 2
27、.5 to 6.0% Thallium Type 2: Nickel plus 2.5 to 8.5% Boron 3.4.2 Hardness: After post treatment as in 3.3.1, hardness shall be not lower than 1000 HV, or equivalent, determined in accordance with ASTM B 578 or other microhardness test method acceptable to purchaser using a load consistent with platin
28、g thickness, except for aluminum alloys or other materials for which different post treatments are specified. 3.4.3 Thickness: Shall be as specified on the part drawing, determined on representative parts or, when permitted by purchaser, on test panels (See 4.3.3), in accordance with ASTM E 376, AST
29、M B 487, ASTM B 567, ASTM B 568, or other method acceptable to purchaser. 3.4.4 Adhesion: Plating shall be firmly adherent to the basis metal and shall not show separation from the basis metal or internal delamination of the plating, determined in accordance with ASTM B 571. Adhesion testing is not
30、required for parts which have been post treated in accordance with 3.3.1. 3.4.5 Wear Resistance: A standard test block with 0.001 inch (25 m) plating thickness, post treated as in 3.3.1, and subjected to a 150 pound (68 kg) load with filtered mineral spirits as a lubricant, shall exhibit a wear scar
31、 with an average width not greater than 0.032 inch (0.81 mm) after 5000 test cycles, determined in accordance with ASTM D 2714. 3.4.6 Corrosion Resistance: Except as specified in 3.4.6.1, ferrous parts or representative test panels (See 4.3.1.1), having a specified minimum plating thickness of 0.000
32、5 inch (12.7 m) over prior flash coating of nickel and/or impregnated with suitable polymer, shall show no visual evidence of corrosion of the basis metal after being subjected for not less than 48 hours to continuous salt spray corrosion test conducted in accordance with ASTM B 117. 3.4.6.1 Salt sp
33、ray corrosion tests shall not apply to plated parts made of austenitic corrosion resistant steel or to unplated areas of parts and to plated parts made of any steel when thickness is specified as “flash”. SAE AMS 2433C Page 5 of 9 3.4.7 Solderability: When specified, parts or specimens in accordance
34、 with 4.3.1.1, tested in accordance with 4.5.1, shall exhibit a bright uniform coating of solder free from discontinuities, pinholes, or dewetted areas visible to the unaided eye. 3.4.8 Hydrogen Embrittlement: The plating process shall not cause hydrogen embrittlement in ferrous metals when tested i
35、n accordance with the requirements of ASTM F 519 Type A, stressed in tension under constant load. Notched round specimens shall be used unless a different specimen type is specified by the purchaser. Testing is required only when parts 36 HRC or higher are plated. For test purposes, plating thicknes
36、s shall be 0.0005 to 0.0007 inch (13 to 18 m), measured on the smooth section of the specimen, but with visual plating at the root of the notch. 3.5 Quality: Plating shall be smooth, continuous, free from delaminations within the plating, uniform in appearance and free from imperfections detrimental
37、 to usage of the plating. Plating shall be visually free from frosty areas, pin holes, porosity, blisters, nodules, and pits. Slight staining or discoloration is acceptable. 4. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS: 4.1 Responsibility for Inspection: The processor shall supply all samples for processors test
38、s and shall be responsible for the performance of all required tests. Where parts are to be tested, such parts shall be supplied by purchaser. Purchaser reserves the right to sample and to perform any confirmatory testing deemed necessary to ensure that processing conforms to specified requirements.
39、 4.2 Classification of Tests: 4.2.1 Acceptance Tests: Tests for thickness (3.4.3), adhesion (3.4.4), solderability, when specified (3.4.7), and quality (3.5) are acceptance tests and shall be performed to represent each lot. 4.2.2 Periodic Tests: Composition (3.4.1), hardness (3.4.2), wear resistanc
40、e (3.4.5), and corrosion resistance (3.4.6), embrittlement when required (3.4.8), and of cleaning and plating solutions (See. 8.5) to ensure that the deposited metal will conform to specified requirements are periodic tests and shall be performed at a frequency selected by the processor unless frequ
41、ency of testing is specified by purchaser. 4.2.3 Preproduction Tests: All technical requirements are preproduction tests and shall be performed prior to or on the initial shipment of plated parts to a purchaser, when a change in material and/or processing requires approval by the cognizant engineeri
42、ng organization (See 4.4.2), and when purchaser deems confirmatory testing to be required. SAE AMS 2433C Page 6 of 9 4.3 Sampling and Testing: Shall be not less than the following; a lot shall be all parts of the same part number or configuration, plated to the same range of thickness in the same se
43、t of solutions in 24 consecutive hours of operation, and presented for processors inspection at one time. 4.3.1 Sample Configuration: Nondestructive testing shall be performed where ever practical and authorized herein. Except as noted, actual parts shall be selected as samples for tests. 4.3.1.1 Th
44、ickness, Solderability, and Adhesion Tests: Separate test panels of same generic class of alloy as the parts, distributed throughout the lot, cleaned, plated, and post treated with the parts represented shall be used when plated parts are of such configuration or size as to be not readily adaptable
45、to the specified tests or when nondestructive testing is not practical on actual parts, or it is not economically acceptable to perform destructive tests on actual parts. 4.3.1.2 Corrosion Tests: Panels shall be low carbon steel approximately 0.032 x 4 x 6 inches (0.8 x 102 x 152 mm) or bars approxi
46、mately 0.5 inches (13 mm) in diameter and 4 inches (102 mm) long having surface roughness not exceeding 40 microinches (1 m). 4.3.2 For Acceptance Tests: Shall be as shown in Table 1. Test samples shall be randomly selected from all parts in the lot. TABLE 1 - Sampling for Acceptance Tests Number of
47、 Parts in Lot Quality Thickness and Adhesion Solderability if Specified 1 to 6 All All or 3* 1 7 to 16 7 4 2 16 to 40 10 4 2 41 to 110 15 5 3 111 to 300 25 6 3 301 to 500 35 7 4 501 to 700 50 8 4 701 to 1200 75 10 5 Over 1200 125 15 5 *Whichever is less 4.3.3 For Periodic Tests : Frequency of testin
48、g shall be at the descretion of the processor unless a test frequency is specified by the purchaser. 4.4 Approval: 4.4.1 Process procedure and control factors, a preproduction sample plated part, or both, whichever is specified by purchaser, shall be approved by the cognizant engineering organizatio
49、n before production parts are supplied. SAE AMS 2433C Page 7 of 9 4.4.2 Processor shall make no significant change to materials, processes, or control factors from those on which the approval was based, unless the change is approved by the cognizant engineering organization. A significant change is one which, in the judgment of the cognizant engineering organization, could affect the properties or performance of the parts. 4
