1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2012 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AMS1431D AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION AMS1431 REV. D Issued 1992-01 Revised 2
5、012-06 Superseding AMS1431C Compound, Solid Runway and Taxiway Deicing/Anti-Icing RATIONALE This specification covers a deicing and anti-icing compound in the form of a solid. In addition, runway and taxiway deicing/anti-icing compounds have been found to catalytically oxidize aircraft carbon brakes
6、 and to corrode cadmium plate to varying extents. There is a need for users to understand the effect of these compounds on carbon brakes and cadmium plate. This specification requires testing and reporting of such. 1. SCOPE 1.1 Form This specification covers a deicing and anti-icing compound in the
7、form of a solid. Unless otherwise stated, all specifications referenced herein are latest (current) revision. 1.2 Application These compounds have been used typically at airports on aircraft maneuvering areas, such as aprons, runways, and taxiways, for the prevention and removal of frozen deposits o
8、f snow, frost, and ice, but usage is not limited to such applications. 1.3 Precautions 1.3.1 Material Compatibilities While this specification covers technical requirements for solid deicing/anti-icing compounds, it does not address the compatibility issue of combining deicers/anti-icers during the
9、operational phase. Compounds meeting this specification are unique to each manufacturer and may be adversely affected by combining with other deicing/anti-icing products. It is the users responsibility to become familiar with the safe and proper use of applying multiple deicers/anti-icers. 1.3.2 Pav
10、ement Friction Evaluation Airport authorities should ascertain the friction coefficient of the runway after the application of a deicing/anti-icing compound prior to aircraft landing operations. SAE AMS1431D Page 2 of 15 1.4 Safety - Hazardous Materials While the materials, methods, applications, an
11、d processes described or referenced in this specification may involve the use of hazardous materials, this specification does not address the hazards which may be involved in such use. It is the sole responsibility of the user to ensure familiarity with the safe and proper use of any hazardous mater
12、ials and to take necessary precautionary measures to ensure the health and safety of all personnel involved. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may wo
13、rk to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been cancelled and no superseding document has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply. 2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 C
14、ommonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. AMS2470 Anodic Treatment of Aluminum Alloys, Chromic Acid Process AMS2475 Protective Treatments, Magnesium Alloys AMS2825 Material Safety Data Sheets AMS4037 Aluminum A
15、lloy, Sheet and Plate, 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn (2024; -T3 Flat Sheet, -T351 Plate), Solution Heat Treated AMS4041 Aluminum Alloy, Alclad Sheet and Plate, 4.4Cu - 1.5Mg - 0.60Mn, Alclad 2024 and 1-1/2% Alclad 2024, -T3 Flat Sheet; 1-1/2% Alclad 2024-T351 Plate AMS4049 Aluminum Alloy, Sheet and Plate,
16、Alclad, 5.6Zn - 2.5Mg - 1.6Cu - 0.23Cr (Alclad 7075; -T6 Sheet -T651 Plate), Solution and Precipitation Heat Treated AMS4376 Plate, Magnesium Alloy, 3.0Al - 1.0Zn - 0.20Mn (AZ31B-H26), Cold Rolled and Partially Annealed AMS4911 Titanium Alloy, Sheet, Strip, and Plate, 6Al - 4V, Annealed AMS4916 Tita
17、nium Alloy Sheet, Strip, and Plate, 8Al - 1Mo - 1V, Duplex Annealed AMS5045 Steel, Sheet and Strip, 0.25 Carbon, Maximum, Hard Temper AIR5567 Test Method for Catalytic Carbon Brake Disk Oxidation AIR6130 Cadmium Plate Cyclic Corrosion Test SAE AMS1431D Page 3 of 15 2.2 ASTM Publications Available fr
18、om ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org. ASTM C 672 Scaling Resistance of Concrete Surfaces Exposed to Deicing Chemicals ASTM D 56 Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester ASTM D 1193 Reagent Wate
19、r ASTM D 1568 Sampling and Chemical Analysis of Alkylbenzene Sulfonates ASTM E 70 pH of Aqueous Solutions with the Glass Electrode ASTM E 203 Water Using Karl Fischer Reagent ASTM F 483 Total Immersion Corrosion Test for Aircraft Maintenance Chemicals ASTM F 484 Stress Crazing of Acrylic Plastics in
20、 Contact with Liquid or Semi-Liquid Compounds ASTM F 485 Effects of Cleaners on Unpainted Aircraft Surfaces ASTM F 502 Effects of Cleaning and Chemical Maintenance Materials on Painted Aircraft Surfaces ASTM F 519 Mechanical Hydrogen Embrittlement Testing of Plating Processes and Aircraft Maintenanc
21、e Chemicals ASTM F 945 Stress Corrosion of Titanium Alloys by Aircraft Engine Cleaning Materials ASTM F 1104 Preparing Aircraft Cleaning Compounds, Liquid Type, Water Base, for Storage Stability Testing ASTM F 1110 Sandwich Corrosion Test ASTM F 1111 Corrosion of Low-Embrittling Cadmium Plate by Air
22、craft Maintenance Chemicals 2.3 U.S. Government Publications Available from the Document Automation and Production Service (DAPS), Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Tel: 215-697-6257, http:/assist.daps.dla.mil/quicksearch/. MIL-PRF-25690 Plastic, Sheet and Formed Parts,
23、Modified Acrylic Base, Monolithic, Crack Propagation Resistant MIL-P-83310 Plastic Sheet, Polycarbonate, Transparent MIL-STD-2073-1 DoD Material Procedures for Development and Packaging Requirements 2.4 APHA Publications Available from American Public Health Association, 800 1 Street, NW, Washington
24、, DC2001-3710, Tel: 202-777-APHA, www.apha.org. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water, Method 112A SAE AMS1431D Page 4 of 15 2.5 United States Environmental Protection Agency Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washing
25、ton, DC 20402-932. EPA Methods, US Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Parts 797.1300, Daphnid Acute Toxicity Test, and 797.1400, Fish Acute Toxicity Test 2.6 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Available from Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2 Rue And
26、re Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France, Tel: +33 1 45 24 82 00, www.oecd.org. OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals, Methods 202 and 203 2.7 LFV Test Method 2-98 Publications Available from Swedish Civil Aviation Administration, LFV Teknik, Box 53, SE-190 45 Stockholm-Arlanda, Sweden. 2.8 Intern
27、ational Organization for Standardization (ISO) Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, Tel. +41 22 919 02 11, . ISO 5725 Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results 2.9 Fed
28、eral Supply Classification (FSC) of Federal Catalog System Available from US Government via www.DATA.gov. FSC 6850 Miscellaneous Chemical Specialties 3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Material The composition of the compound may contain additives, such as corrosion inhibitors, coating agents, etc., as r
29、equired to produce a product meeting the requirements of this specification. 3.1.1 Environmental Information Compound shall be tested in accordance with APHA “Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Waste Water”. The manufacturer shall provide not less than the following information: 3.1.1.1 B
30、iochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) of the compound for 5-, 15-, and 20-day incubation periods. The test solutions shall be incubated at 68 F (20 C). 3.1.1.2 Total Oxygen Demand (TOD) or Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of the compound, expressed in kilograms of oxygen per kilograms of compound. 3.1.1.3 Perc
31、ent biodegradation of compound for 5-, 15-, and 20-day incubation periods. Percent biodegradation can be approximated by dividing BODx100 by either TOD or COD. SAE AMS1431D Page 5 of 15 3.1.1.4 Aquatic Toxicity Formulated compound shall be tested in accordance with EPA (40 Code of Federal Regulation
32、s (CFR) Parts 797.1300 and 797.1400) or OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals, Methods 202 and 203) procedures using test species required by regulatory agencies for permitted discharges. Examples include: fathead minnows, daphnia magna and r
33、ainbow trout. The LC50 concentration, the highest concentration at which 50% of the test species survive, shall be given in milligrams per liter. 3.1.2 Trace Contaminants Report the presence, in percentage by weight, of sulfur, halogens, phosphate, nitrate, and heavy metals (lead, chromium, cadmium,
34、 and mercury). 3.1.3 Vendor shall report the product chemical analysis, determined in accordance with a recognized method acceptable to purchaser; and total water content shall be determined in accordance with ASTM E 203. 3.1.4 Vendor shall provide a phase diagram relating product dilution to freezi
35、ng point. Delivered product shall be within +7 F (+4 C) of the preproduction value. 3.1.5 Appearance The compound, as received by purchaser, shall be uniform, free-flowing, and free from foreign material detrimental to usage of the compound. 3.2 Physical Properties The compound, as supplied by vendo
36、r, shall conform to the following requirements: tests shall be performed in accordance with specified test on the product as delivered by vendor, unless otherwise specified herein. 3.2.1 pH The compound, diluted with ASTM D 1193, Type IV water, to 15% by weight of solids taking into account water co
37、ntained in the compound, shall be within 0.5 of the preproduction value established in 4.2.3, determined in accordance with ASTM E 70. 3.2.2 Flash Point The compound on a dry basis shall be not lower than 200 F (93 C), determined in accordance with ASTM D 56. 3.2.3 Chloride Content The level of solu
38、ble chloride on a dry basis shall not exceed 250 ppm, determined in accordance with APHA Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water, Method 112A. 3.2.4 Storage Stability The compound, when stored in a closed container for at least one year in accordance with ASTM F 1104 shall not
39、deliquesce or otherwise deteriorate. 3.2.5 Effect on Transparent Plastics 3.2.5.1 The compound, diluted with ASTM D 1193, Type IV, water to 15% by weight of solids taking into account water contained in the compound, shall not craze, stain, or discolor Type C stretched acrylic plastic conforming to
40、MIL-P-25690, determined in accordance with ASTM F 484. SAE AMS1431D Page 6 of 15 3.2.5.2 The compound, diluted with ASTM D 1193, Type IV, water to 15% by weight of solids taking into account water contained in the compound, shall not craze, stain, or discolor MIL-P-83310 polycarbonate plastic, deter
41、mined in accordance with ASTM F 484, except that the specimens shall be stressed for 30 minutes 2 to an outer fiber stress of 2000 psi (13.8 MPa). 3.2.6 Effect on Painted Surfaces Compound, diluted with ASTM D 1193, Type IV, water to 15% by weight of solids taking into account water contained in the
42、 compound, shall neither decrease the paint film hardness by more than two pencil hardness levels nor shall it produce any streaking, discoloration, or blistering of the paint film, determined in accordance with ASTM F 502. 3.2.7 Effect on Unpainted Surfaces Compound, diluted with ASTM D 1193, Type
43、IV, water to 15% by weight of solids taking into account water contained in the compound, shall neither produce streaking nor leave stains which require polishing to remove, determined in accordance with ASTM F 485. 3.2.8 Effect on Runway Pavements 3.2.8.1 Runway Concrete Surface Scaling Resistance
44、The condition of the runway concrete surface shall have a rating not greater than 1 for 50 freeze-thaw cycles, determined in accordance with ASTM C 672 except that concrete shall: Be air-entrained with an air content as specified in ASTM C 672. Have a minimum cement content of 510 pound/cubic yard 1
45、0 (302 kg/m3 6). Have a slump, 1.5 inches 0.5 (38 mm 13). A 25% by volume solution of the deicer/anti-icer fluid as supplied by the manufacturer in commercial concentration in tap water shall be substituted for calcium chloride. Performing more than one freeze-thaw cycle per day is acceptable. 3.2.8
46、.2 Asphalt Concrete Degradation Resistance (Appendix A, valid for deicer/anti-icer products used in Europe) Compound, diluted with tap water to 50% or regular highest concentration by weight of solid, shall be tested in accordance with LFV Method 2-98 (See Appendix A). The reduction in adhesion valu
47、e of the runway asphalt concrete surface shall not be more than 50% of the adhesion value of the specimens not stored in deicing diluted compound. Adhesion values shall be determined and documented. The following test parameters shall be used: 1. Marshall test specimens with paving grade bitumen 160
48、/220 penetration value at 77 F (25 C) of 180 mm1 10 and softening point 102 F 1 (39 C 1) shall be used, 2. Binder content 5.7% by mass, 3. Maximum aggregate size 0.625 inch (16 mm), and distribution as shown in Figure 1: SAE AMS1431D Page 7 of 15 0102030405060708090100Sieve size mmPassing %-byweight
49、0.063 0.125 0.25 0.5 1 2 4 8 16 22.4Limiting curvesNominalFIGURE 1 - AGGREGATE SIZE DISTRIBUTION 4. The aggregate used shall be characterized regarding variety of stone, origin and petrographical analysis. The aggregate shall be of good mechanical stability, 5. Air voids 7% 1 by volume, 6. Specimens are sawed to approximately 1.125 inch (30 mm) thickness. 3.2.9 Effect on Aircraft Metals C
