1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2012 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this pub
3、lication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970
4、(outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AIR6211AEROSPACEINFORMATIONREPORTAIR6211 Issued 2012-04 Ice Penetration Test Method
5、for Runways and Taxiways Deicing/Anti-icing Chemicals RATIONALEThis test method for liquid and solid runway deicing/anti-icing chemicals, offers a quantitative procedure to evaluate the ice penetration as a function of the time and temperature by such deicing/anti-icing chemicals and is based on the
6、 SHRP H-205.4-MODIFIED FOR AIRPORT APPLICATION (draft April 17/02) - Test Method for Ice Penetration of Liquid Deicing Chemicals (or Solids). TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE .21.1 Minimum Requirements .21.2 Hazardous Materials 21.3 Standard Units .22. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS .22.1 SAE Publications 22.2 ASTM
7、 Publications .22.3 ISO Publications .32.4 Other Reference Documents .33. SUMMARY OF TEST METHOD 33.1 Introduction 33.2 Significance and Use .33.3 Test Equipment and Materials .33.3.1 Material.43.3.2 Plexiglas Test Plate .43.3.3 Standard Measuring Devices .43.3.4 Ice Preparation .43.4 General Test P
8、rocedures .53.4.1 Runway Deicing/Anti-icing Chemical Form 53.4.2 Incorporation of Dye .53.4.3 Deicing/Anti-icing Chemical Addition to Ice Cone Surface 63.5 Temperature Regulated Test Enclosures 63.6 Number of Tests .63.7 Data Recording and Reporting 64. NOTES .7FIGURE 1 PLEXIGLAS TEST PLATE WITH RUN
9、WAY DYED-DEICING/ANTI-ICING CHEMICAL . 3FIGURE 2 EXAMPLE OF ICE PENETRATION TEST RESULTS AT -10 C (14 F) . 7TABLE 1 ICE PENETRATION TEST RESULTS .6Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE
10、AIR6211 Page 2 of 7 1. SCOPE This test method provides stakeholders (runway deicing chemical manufacturers, deicing/anti-icing chemical operators and airport authorities) with a relative ice penetration capacity of runway deicing/anti-icing chemicals, by measuring the ice penetration as a function o
11、f time. Such runway deicing/anti-icing chemicals are often also used on taxiways and other paved areas. This test method does not quantitatively measure the theoretical or extended time of ice penetration capability of ready-to-use runway deicing/anti-icing chemicals in liquid or solid form. 1.1 Min
12、imum Requirements This method sets the minimum testing requirements for the determination of ice penetration capabilities of AMS1431 and AMS1435 runway deicing/anti-icing chemicals in liquid and solid form as a function of time and temperature, under controlled laboratory conditions. 1.2 Hazardous M
13、aterials This test may involve the use of hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulator
14、y limitations prior to use. 1.3 Standard Units The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of o
15、ther publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a
16、 specific exemption has been obtained. 2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.AMS1431 Compound, Solid Runway and Taxiway Deicing/Anti-icing AMS1435
17、Fluid, Generic, Deicing/Anti-icing, Runways and Taxiways 2.2 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org.ASTM D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water ASTM D 1747 Refractive Index of Viscou
18、s Materials Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE AIR6211 Page 3 of 7 2.3 ISO Publications Available from International Organization for Standardization, 1, rue de Varembe, Case postale
19、 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, Tel: +41-22-749-01-11, www.iso.org.ISO 9001-2008 Quality Management Systems Requirements 2.4 Other Reference Documents Handbook of Test Methods for Evaluating Chemical Deicers, Strategic Highway Research Program, National Research Council Washington , DC 1992, SH
20、RP-H-332 3. SUMMARY OF TEST METHOD 3.1 Introduction This test utilizes a Plexiglas test plate having 5 mm (0.20 in) diameter cavities filled with ice. After equilibration to the desired temperature, a known volume of dyed-liquid runway deicing/anti-icing chemical is discharged onto the surface of ic
21、e cones and penetration commences (see Figure 1). Penetration is evidenced by an embedded scale in millimeters behind the Plexiglas test plate. At specified time intervals, the length of penetration is measured. Testing temperatures shall be within 1 C (2 F) of the stated values and tests shall be p
22、erformed within a freezer or a cold chamber.FIGURE 1 - PLEXIGLAS TEST PLATE WITH RUNWAY DYED-DEICING/ANTI-ICING CHEMICAL 3.2 Significance and Use This test method can be used to evaluate and compare the ice penetrating capabilities of runway deicing/anti-icing chemicals in liquid or solid form over
23、a limited, defined time interval at specified temperatures. 3.3 Test Equipment and Materials The following test procedure may be performed on runway deicing/anti-icing chemicals in liquid or solid form. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction o
24、r networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE AIR6211 Page 4 of 7 3.3.1 Material a. Adaptated Plexiglas Poly(methyl methacrylate) test plateb. Pipettor (single or multichannel pipettor) able to deliver a volume of 25 L c. Plastic syringe with needle (capacity 5 mL) d. Micro centrifuge tube
25、s, 1.5 mL graduated; e.g., Fisherbrand cat # 02-682-550 e. Aluminum plate 10 cm x 10 cm (3.937 in x 3.937 in) f. Digital thermometer (or equivalent) g. Digital timer (or equivalent) h. Refrigerator or room to store the material at 4 C 1 C (39 F 2 F) i. Rhodamine or Fluorescein 0.1% (w/v) solution (o
26、ther dyes can be used provided that it is clearly specified) j. Balance (precision 0.01 g) 3.3.2 Plexiglas Test Plate The ice penetration apparatus consists of a rectangular Plexiglas plate of at least 120 mm (4.724 in) thick x 19 mm 2 mm (0.75 in 0.08 in) deep x 300 mm 2 mm (11.81 in 0.08 in) lengt
27、h. Twelve 40 mm (1.575 in) deep cavities are drilled in the center of the plate at 19 mm (0.75 in) spacings with an 5 mm (0.20 in) drill. These cavities are then enlarged in a countersink fashion to yield a surface cone 7 mm (0.28 in) in diameter and 3 mm (0.12 in) long at the point of intersection
28、of the cone with the 5 mm (0.20 in) cavity (see Figure 1). To facilitate measurement of penetration an embedded scale in millimeters behind the Plexiglas test plate is used. A timer, preferably a digital timer that can be activated at test start, is required. 3.3.3 Standard Measuring Devices All tem
29、perature sensors, electronic balances, and timing devices shall be maintained in a known state of calibration by means of a Quality Management System recognized by an international standards organization such as ISO 9001-2008 (or equivalent). 3.3.4 Ice Preparation ASTM D 1193 Type IV water has to be
30、 used for the ice preparation. Water, Plexiglas test plate and material required for the ice preparation have to be kept at 4 C 1 C (39 F 2 F) for a minimum period of 8 h 1 h prior to preparing the ice. The pre-cooled water is drawn into a syringe, the needle inserted into the cavities, and the cavi
31、ties filled while withdrawing the needle. Bubbles in the water column (usually none) should be forced out if necessary. Plexiglas test plate is then placed into the cold chamber (freezer) at -10 C 1 C (14 F 2 F) within 5 min after filling the cavities with water. The ice penetration apparatus is kep
32、t in a freezer until the water is completely frozen (minimum of 8 h). The ice formation period may be prolonged until complete turnover into the crystal state. Globules of ice will protrude from cavities surfaces. The globules are melted/sheared off with an aluminum plate previously maintained at 20
33、 C 5 C (68 F 9 F). More than one aluminum plate could be required to achieve globules melting/shearing procedure. The excess of water on the surface should be removed using a paper towel after ice globules melting. The apparatus is placed in the constant temperature chamber at -10 C 1 C (14 F 2 F) f
34、or an additional 3 h before to perform the ice penetration test. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE AIR6211 Page 5 of 7 3.4 General Test Procedures 3.4.1 Runway Deicing/Anti-icing Ch
35、emical Form The following test procedure can be performed on deicing/anti-icing chemicals in liquid or solid form. 3.4.1.1 Liquid Runway Deicing/Anti-icing Chemical Liquid runway deicing/anti-icing chemical shall be evaluated as supplied. No dilution or preparation is needed prior to the test. 3.4.1
36、.2 Solid Runway Deicing/Anti-icing Chemical Solid runway deicing/anti-icing chemical must be diluted to give a 25% w/w solution. To obtain this 25% w/w solution, dissolve “x” g of solid runway deicer in “3x” g of demineralized water. 3.4.1.3 Reference Control Solution A reference control solution sh
37、all be tested along with the runway deicing/anti-icing chemical. The results are used as a validation test and allows to manufacturer an optional comparative test. The reference solution consists of a potassium acetate (reagent grade ACS 99%) solution 50% w/w in ASTM D 1193, Type IV water The 50% w/
38、w reference control solution is prepared by mixing x g of potassium acetate and x g of demineralized water and is calculated according to Equation 1: 100*OHKCOCHKCOCH/%22323+=gxgxgxww (Eq. 1)where:CH3CO2K: potassium acetate (Reagent grade ACS 99%) H2O: water (ASTM D 1193, Type IV) 3.4.2 Incorporatio
39、n of Dye If the liquid runway deicing/anti-icing chemical or the 25% w/w dilution of solid runway deicing/anti-icing chemical do not have a vivid enough (strength) to accurately report the ice penetration capability, a dye shall be prepared and added as follows: 1. Two dyes are recommended to perfor
40、m the test; the Rhodamine B (CAS # 81-88-9) and the Florescein (CAS # 518-47-8). Both dyes can be used however; the Rhodamine B should be prioritized since it shows better contrast and facilitates the ice penetration measurement. The dye should be chosen so that there are no compatibility issues wit
41、h the different runway deicer chemistries. The dye used for the test should be specified and agreed accordingly.2. The dye shall be diluted to 0.1% by volume (0.1% w/v) in ASTM D 1193, Type IV water. To obtain this 0.1% w/v solution, dissolve 0.025 g of dye in 25 mL of demineralized water. 3. Fill a
42、 1.5 mL micro centrifuge tube (vial) with the deicer to be tested. Add 2 drops of the dye (0.1% w/v) solution to the deicing/anti-icing chemical sample, close the vial, and shake vigorously. 4. Keep sample at test temperature minimum 8 h prior to the test. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS
43、 under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE AIR6211 Page 6 of 7 3.4.3 Deicing/Anti-icing Chemical Addition to Ice Cone Surface The Test Plate is adjusted in a horizontal position and the runway deicing/anti-icing chemical sample is ad
44、ded as follow; using a micro-pipette, 25- L of test sample is discharged onto the surface of one chamber of ice cone (do not inject the test solution into the ice layer). The timer is started after the addition of the test solution. Make sure that the pipettor is accurately calibrated before using.
45、The penetration depth of the coloured test solution layer can be read from the embedded scale behind the Plexiglas test plate or using a micrometer. It is easier to view this front when the operator stands within 30 cm in front of the Plexiglas test plate and have a horizontal view on the front. Ice
46、 penetration is measured and recorded according to specified time intervals (currently 5, 10, and 30 min). A timer is essential for monitoring elapsed time. A thermometer or temperature sensor serves as a means to observe temperature and helps achieve constant test temperature. NOTE: At the end of t
47、he test (typically 30 min), it is recommended to verify for possible refreezing and report finding. 3.5 Temperature Regulated Test Enclosures An enclosure, which can be regulated to within 1.0 C (2.0 F) of the designated test temperature, is required for two purposes: (1) to equilibrate test specime
48、ns to the designated temperature, and (2) to maintain temperature during actual tests. The enclosure should have a temperature capability ranging from -18 C (0 F) to at least -1 C (30 F).3.6 Number of Tests Four tests shall be performed (four ice cones used) at each temperature for the runway deicing/anti-icing chemical. The test temperature shall be -10 C (14 F). The ice penetration test can be performed at any other temperatures, but still includes -10 C (14 F), upon agreement between purchase
