1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2012 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this pub
3、lication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970
4、(outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AIR6170AEROSPACEINFORMATIONREPORTAIR6170 Issued 2012-01Ice Melting Test Method for R
5、unways and Taxiways Deicing/Anti-icing Chemicals RATIONALEThis test method, for liquid and solid deicing/anti-icing chemicals, offers a quantitative procedure to evaluate the amount of ice melted as a function of the time and temperature by such deicing/anti-icing chemicals and is based on the SHRP
6、H-205.2- MODIFIED FOR AIRPORT APPLICATION (draft April 17/02) - Test Method for Ice Melting of Liquid Deicing Chemicals (or Solids). TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 31.1 Minimum Requirements 31.2 Hazardous Materials . 31.3 Standard Units 32. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 32.1 SAE Publications . 32.2 ASTM Publicat
7、ions 32.3 ISO Publications 32.4 Other Reference Documents 43. SUMMARY OF TEST METHOD . 43.1 Introduction . 43.2 Significance and Use 43.3 Test Equipment and Materials 43.3.1 Material . 43.3.2 Polystyrene Petri Dish . 53.3.3 Test Dish Accessories 53.3.4 Deicing/Anti-icing Chemical Distribution Equipm
8、ent . 53.3.4.1 Liquid Deicing/Anti-icing Chemical . 53.3.4.2 Solid Deicing/Anti-icing Chemical . 53.3.5 Ice Preparation 53.3.6 Standard Measuring Devices 53.4 General Test Procedure 53.5 Deicing/Anti-icing Chemical Application Procedure 63.5.1 Liquid Runway Deicing/Anti-icing Chemical . 63.5.2 Solid
9、 Runway Deicing/Anti-icing Chemical . 63.5.2.1 Solid Deicing/Anti-icing Chemical: Tested as Solid Form as is 63.5.2.2 Solid Deicing/Anti-icing Chemical: Tested as Diluted Form . 63.5.3 Reference Control Solution . 73.6 Temperature Regulated Test Enclosures . 7Copyright SAE International Provided by
10、IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE AIR6170 Page 2 of 8 3.7 Number of Tests 73.8 Data Recording and Reporting . 7FIGURE 1 EXAMPLE OF ICE MELTING SET-UP . 4FIGURE 2 EXAMPLE OF ICE MELTING RESULTS AT -10 C . 8TABLE 1 ICE MELT
11、ING TEST RESULTS . 8Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE AIR6170 Page 3 of 8 1. SCOPE This test method provides stakeholders (runway deicing chemical manufacturers, deicing/anti-icing
12、chemical operators and airport authorities) with relative ice melting capacity of runway deicing chemicals, by measuring the amount of ice melted as a function of time. Such runway deicing chemicals are often also used on taxiways. This test method does not quantitatively measure the theoretical or
13、extended time ice melting capability of ready-to-use runway deicing/anti-icing chemicals in liquid or solid form. 1.1 Minimum Requirements This method sets the minimum requirements for the determination of ice melting capabilities of SAE AMS 1431 and 1435 runway deicing/anti-icing chemicals in liqui
14、d and solid form as a function of time and temperature under controlled laboratory conditions. 1.2 Hazardous Materials This test may involve the use of hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not address the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility
15、 of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.3 Standard Units The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The following publications form a part of this docume
16、nt to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this doc
17、ument takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or
18、724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.AMS1431 Compound, Solid Runway and Taxiway Deicing/Anti-icing AMS1435 Fluid, Generic, Deicing/Anti-icing, Runways and Taxiways 2.2 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel:
19、 610-832-9585, www.astm.org.ASTM D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water ASTM D 1747 Refractive Index of Viscous Materials 2.3 ISO Publications Available from International Organization for Standardization, 1, rue de Varembe, Case postale 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, Tel: +41-22-749-01-11, www
20、.iso.org.ISO 9001-2008 Quality Management Systems Requirements Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE AIR6170 Page 4 of 8 2.4 Other Reference Documents Handbook of Test Methods for Evalu
21、ating Chemical Deicers, Strategic Highway Research Program, National Research Council Washington , DC 1992, SHRP-H-332 3. SUMMARY OF TEST METHOD 3.1 Introduction The test utilizes a sheet of ice of uniform thickness frozen in a flat circular polystyrene petri dish. After equilibration to thedesired
22、temperature, a weighed quantity of the deicing chemical is distributed over the surface of the ice (see FIGURE ). At specified time intervals, generated brines are removed and the mass difference is calculated in order to obtain the mass of melted ice. Testing temperatures shall be within 1 C (2 F)
23、of the stated values and tests shall be performed within a freezer or a cold chamber. FIGURE 1 - EXAMPLE OF ICE MELTING SET-UP 3.2 Significance and Use This test method provides a means to evaluate and compare the ice melting capabilities of ready-to-use runway deicing/anti-icing chemicals in liquid
24、 or solid form over limited, defined time intervals at specified temperatures. 3.3 Test Equipment and Materials The following test procedure may be performed on deicing/anti-icing chemicals in liquid or solid form. 3.3.1 Material a. Polystyrene petri dish, 150 mm (6 in) diameter BD Falcon disposable
25、 petri dishes, sterile, Fisher Scientific cat. # 08-757-148. b. Refrigerator or cold room to store the material at 4 C 1 C (39 F 2 F) c. Compressed air gun d. Graduated cylinder e. Digital thermometer (or equivalent) Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo
26、reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE AIR6170 Page 5 of 8 f. Digital timer (or equivalent) g. Reagent water ASTM D1193, Type IV (or equivalent) h. Plastic syringe (without needle) with a capacity of 5 mL to 10 mL i. Disposable polystyrene weighing boat (or equivalent)
27、, with a capacity of 5 to 10 g j. Balance (precision 0.01 g) 3.3.2 Polystyrene Petri Dish The ice melting test is performed in the petri dish. The ice surface area corresponds to 0.018 m2(see Figure 1). The dimensions of the petri dish may be adjusted to accommodate space limitations; however, any c
28、hanges in the ice surface area may necessitate proportional changes in deicing/anti-icing chemical test sample size and/or volume of water used to grow the ice. 3.3.3 Test Dish Accessories A thermometer or temperature sensor serves as a means to observe temperature. 3.3.4 Deicing/Anti-icing Chemical
29、 Distribution Equipment 3.3.4.1 Liquid Deicing/Anti-icing Chemical A plastic syringe is used to distribute the liquid deicing/anti-icing chemical. 3.3.4.2 Solid Deicing/Anti-icing Chemical A disposable plastic weighing boat is used to distribute the solid deicing/anti-icing chemical3.3.5 Ice Prepara
30、tion The petri dishes and material required for the ice preparation (water, graduated cylinder, etc ) have to be kept at 4 C 1 C (39 F 2 F) for a minimum period of 8 h 1 h prior to preparing the ice. Sixty milliliters of water correspond to an ice thickness of 3.4 mm in the test dish. This pre-coole
31、d quantity (60 mL) of ASTM D 1193, Type IV water is poured in the petri dish and swirled or stirred to distribute water over the surface. The petri dish is then placed on a level surface in a freezer or cold room at -10 C 1 C (14 F 2 F) within 5 min after filling the test dish with water. The uncove
32、red petri dish with the water is kept in the freezer or cold chamber until the water is completely frozen (minimum 8 hours). The ice formation period may be prolonged until the water is completely frozen. During the ice formation, it is recommended to maintain ventilation as low as possible to obtai
33、n a smoother ice surface. 3.3.6 Standard Measuring Devices All temperature sensors, electronic balances, and timing devices shall be maintained in a known state of calibration by means of a Quality Management System recognized by an international standards organization such as ISO 9001-2008 (or equi
34、valent). 3.4 General Test Procedure The petri dish containing the ice sheet shall be stored at the intended test temperature at least 10 h 1 h prior to the test.It has to be weighed at room temperature. The value is read from a scale after exactly 20 seconds (= ms). After that, the petri dish is imm
35、ediately returned into the test chamber. The test solution (or solid) is applied on the ice surface as uniformly as possible, according to paragraph 3.5. A digital timer is activated when deicing/anti-icing chemical samples are applied to ice specimens (A plastic knife may be used to discharge high
36、viscosity products, taking no more than 15 seconds to spread the deicing/anti-icing chemical). Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE AIR6170 Page 6 of 8 After 5 minutes, the test dish i
37、s tilted (at approximately 80-85) and the brines are gently blown away using a compressed air gun for a maximum of 10 seconds (while in the cold chamber at the test temperature). The air pressure must be between 103 KPa (15 psi) and 140 KPa (20 psi). The air must be free of oil and any other impurit
38、ies. Make sure that only liquid brine is blown away with the compressed air, if ice pieces or ice particles are blown away, the test must be repeated.When the brines are blown away, bring the petri dish to the scale (make sure that no liquid or solid remain on the outside parts of the dish). Weigh t
39、he petri dish at room temperature and read the value from the scale after exactly 20 seconds. The amount of ice melted is calculated from the initial and final masses of the petri dish according to the Equation 1. esimmmm (Eq. 1)where : mim; mass of ice melted (g) ms; initial mass of petri dish and
40、ice sheet (g) me; final mass of petri dish and remaining ice (g) Repeat the same procedure (using a fresh ice sheet) for time intervals of 10 and 30 minutes and record the results. The ice melting test can be performed at any other time interval upon agreement between purchaser and vendor. 3.5 Deici
41、ng/Anti-icing Chemical Application Procedure The deicing/anti-icing chemical (liquid or solid) is kept at the intended test temperature at least 10 h 1 h prior to the test.3.5.1 Liquid Runway Deicing/Anti-icing Chemical The amount of liquid runway deicing/anti-icing chemical applied should correspon
42、d to a mass of 5 g. Weigh the empty slip tip plastic syringe and record the mass: any liquid on exterior surfaces is removed by a tissue (with the tip pointing upward, excess liquid and air bubbles are discharged). By the method of mass differences, adjust the volume of liquid deicing/anti-icing che
43、mical corresponding to the mass required for the test (typically 5.00 g 0.01 g). The ice-melting test is initiated by discharging the liquid deicing/anti-icing chemical uniformly onto the ice surface. 3.5.2 Solid Runway Deicing/Anti-icing Chemical The solid deicing/anti-icing chemical shall be teste
44、d in both as is and diluted forms, as described in section 3.5.2.1 and 3.5.2.2 3.5.2.1 Solid Deicing/Anti-icing Chemical: Tested as Solid Form as is The required amount of solid deicing/anti-icing chemical should be weighed using a disposable weighing boat (typically 5.00 g 0.01 g). However, an alte
45、rnative option is to use a small beaker or any other convenient dish. The ice-melting test is initiated by applying the solid uniformly onto the ice surface. 3.5.2.2 Solid Deicing/Anti-icing Chemical: Tested as Diluted Form The solid runway deicing/anti-icing chemical must be diluted to give a 25% w
46、/w solution. To obtain this 25 % w/w solution, dissolve “x”g of solid runway deicer in “3x”g of demineralized water. The diluted deicing/anti-icing chemical is applied as described in section 3.5.1. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or ne
47、tworking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE AIR6170 Page 7 of 8 3.5.3 Reference Control Solution A reference control solution shall be tested along with the deicing/anti-icing chemical (liquid or solid). The results are usedas a validation test and allows to manufacturer an optional comparat
48、ive test. The reference solution consists of a potassium acetate (reagent grade ACS 99%) solution 50% w/w in ASTM D 1193, Type IV water. The 50% w/w reference control solution is prepared by mixing x g of potassium acetate and x g of demineralized water and is calculated according to Equation 2 : 100*OHKCOCHKCOCH/%22323 gxgxgxww (Eq. 2)where:CH3CO2K: potassium acetate (reag
