1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2009 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication m
3、ay be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)
4、 Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AIR5667 AEROSPACE INFORMATION REPORT AIR5667 Issued 2009-04 Fiber Optic Wavelength Division Mult
5、iplexed (WDM) Singlemode Interconnect and Component Standards Mapping for Aerospace Platform Applications Device Level Specification RATIONALE As aerospace fiber optics engineers turn to wavelength divison multiplexed fiber optic technology for advanced network implementations, it is important that
6、any standards produced agree and build on standards that already exist. This document seeks to leverage the standardization effort made by the telecommunication industry and identify how their efforts apply to aerospace applications. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 4 2. REFERENCES 4 2.1 Applicable Docume
7、nts 5 2.1.1 Commercial Standards . 5 2.1.2 Military Standards . 7 3. WDM STANDARDIZATION OVERVIEW . 8 3.1 WDM Architecture Approach 8 3.2 Aerospace Environmental Consideration . 8 3.3 Telecommunication WDM Standards . 8 3.4 Aerospace to WDM Standards Mapping 9 4. WDM ARCHITECTURES . 11 4.1 Bus 11 4.
8、2 Ring . 13 4.3 Star 14 4.4 Switched 15 4.5 Future Architectures 15 5. AEROSPACE REQUIREMENTS 16 5.1 Temperature 16 5.1.1 Storage Temperature, Low-Side . 16 5.1.2 Operational Temperature, Low-Side, Outside Enclosure . 16 5.1.3 Operational Temperature, Low-Side, Inside Enclosure 16 5.1.4 Storage Temp
9、erature, High-Side 16 5.1.5 Operational Temperature, High-Side, Outside Enclosure 16 5.1.6 Operational Temperature, High-Side, Inside Enclosure . 17 5.1.7 Effects of Temperature on WDM Systems and Mitigation of Those Effects . 18 5.2 Vibration 18 5.2.1 Operation through Vibration 18 5.2.2 Types of V
10、ibration . 18 5.2.3 Connector Vibration Standards . 18 5.2.4 Module Vibration Limits . 19 SAE AIR5667 Page 2 of 46 5.2.5 Effects of Vibration on WDM Systems 19 5.3 Mechanical Shock . 19 5.3.1 Connector Shock 20 5.3.2 Transceiver Shock 20 5.3.3 Effects of Shock 20 5.4 Contamination Exposure . 20 5.5
11、Outgassing 20 5.6 Internal Moisture and Hermeticity . 21 5.7 Forbidden Hazardous Materials 21 5.8 Materials which Degrade under Exposure to Light . 21 5.9 Radiation . 21 5.10 Additional Environmental Effects 21 5.11 Comparison to Commercial Standards . 21 5.12 Summary Environment 22 6. TELECOMMUNICA
12、TIONS WDM STANDARDS 23 6.1 IEC 23 6.2 Telcordia . 25 6.2.1 Telcordia GR-1209 25 6.2.2 Telcordia GR-1221 25 6.2.3 Telcordia GR-1312 26 6.2.4 Telcordia GR-468 26 6.2.5 Telcordia GR-2918 26 6.3 TIA/EIA 27 6.3.1 TR-42.11 Optical Systems 27 6.3.2 TR-42.13 Passive Optical Devices and Components . 27 6.4 I
13、TU . 28 7. AEROSPACE TO WDM STANDARDS MAPPING AND GAP DEFINITION DEVICES 29 7.1 Fiber Optic Receivers . 29 7.1.1 Performance 29 7.1.2 Reliability/Environmental . 29 7.2 Fiber Optic Transmitters . 30 7.2.1 Performance 30 7.2.2 Reliability/Environmental . 31 7.3 Multiplexers and Demultiplexers . 32 7.
14、3.1 Performance 32 7.3.2 Reliability/Environmental . 34 7.4 Optical Amplifiers 36 7.4.1 Performance 36 7.4.2 Reliability/Environmental . 39 7.5 Optical Add / Drop Filters 39 7.5.1 Performance 39 7.5.2 Reliability/Environmental . 41 7.6 Couplers/Splitters 42 7.6.1 Performance Parameters 42 7.6.2 Reli
15、ability/Environmental . 43 8. NOTES 45 8.1 Acronyms 45 8.2 Telcordia Technologies Inc Notice 46 SAE AIR5667 Page 3 of 46 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1 BUS TOPOLOGY USING UNIDIRECTIONAL LINKS . 12 FIGURE 2 BUS TOPOLOGY USING BIDIRECTIONAL LINKS 12 FIGURE 3 RING TOPOLOGY . 13 FIGURE 4 STAR TOPOLOGY . 14 FI
16、GURE 5 SWITCH TOPOLOGY 15 FIGURE 6 COOLING METHODS FOR AVIONICS MODULES 17 FIGURE 7 POWER SPECTRAL DENSITY FOR RANDOM VIBRATION (FROM MIL-STD-1344) AND REPLOTTED FOR CLARITY 19 LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1 SUMMARY OF WDM COMPONENTS STANDARDS RESOURCES CONSULTED . 10 TABLE 2 LIST OF APPLICABLE MILITARY STA
17、NDARDS . 22 TABLE 3 EXAMPLE IEC DOCUMENTS FOR PASSIVE COMPONENTS (ADAPTED FROM ANSI DOCUMENTS DATABASE) FOCUSING ON REQUIREMENTS APPLICABLE TO SINGLE MODE FIBER SYSTEMS 23 TABLE 4 EXAMPLE IEC DOCUMENTS FOR OPTICAL AMPLIFIER PARAMETERS AND TEST METHODS . 24 TABLE 5 TEMPLATE FOR DIGITAL RECEIVER CHARA
18、CTERISTICS 29 TABLE 6 TEMPLATE FOR RECEIVER PARAMETERS FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF RECEIVER OPERATION 30 TABLE 7 TEMPLATE FOR ACCELERATED AGING TEST FOR OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES 30 TABLE 8 TEMPLATE FOR DIGITAL TRANSMITTER CHARACTERISTICS 31 TABLE 9 TEMPLATE FOR TRANSMITTER PARAMETERS FOR CHARACTERIZATION
19、OF TRANSMITTER OPERATION . 31 TABLE 10 MULTIPLEXER/DEMULTIPLEXER PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS 32 TABLE 11 OPTICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS FOR OPTICAL MULTIPLEXERS AND DEMULTIPLEXERS FROM GR-1209 33 TABLE 12 MULTIPLEXER/ DEMULTIPLEXER MEASUREMENT METHODS (FROM IEC 61753-081-2) . 34 TABLE 13 MULTIPLEXER
20、 AND DEMULTIPLEXER RELIABILITY/ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS (FROM IEC 61753-081-2) . 35 TABLE 14 MULTIPLEXER AND DEMULTIPLEXER ENVIRONMENTAL AND RELIABILITY TEST METHODS (FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION, SEE IEC 61753-081-2) 36 TABLE 15 REQUIRED RELIABILITY TESTS FOR PASSIVE OPTICAL COMPONENTS (SECTIONS INDI
21、CATED ARE IN GR-1221) . 36 TABLE 16 TEMPLATE FOR BOOSTER AMPLIFIERS (BA) AND PREAMPLIFIERS FOR MULTICHANNEL APPLICATIONS 37 TABLE 17 TEMPLATE FOR OPTICAL FIBER AMPLIFIER CHARACTERISTICS 37 TABLE 18 OPTICAL AMPLIFIER TEST METHOD SUMMARY (FROM IEC 61291-1) 38 TABLE 19 ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS FOR BOOS
22、TER AMPLIFIERS (BA) AND PREAMPLIFIERS FOR MULTICHANNEL APPLICATIONS DEFINED IN IEC 61291-4 39 TABLE 20 OPTICAL PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR PASSIVE OPTICAL COMPONENTS (DEFINED IN TELCORDIA GR-1209-CORE, ISSUE 3) . 40 TABLE 21 OPTICAL FILTER TEST METHODS (FROM ITU G.671) . 41 TABLE 22 PARAMETERS FOR FIBE
23、R OPTIC COUPLERS/SPLITTERS (FROM IEC 61753-2-3) . 42 TABLE 23 OPTICAL PERFORMANCE CRITERIA SUMMARY FOR PASSIVE OPTICAL COMPONENTS (COUPLERS SPLITTERS) FROM GR-1209 . 43 TABLE 24 ENVIRONMENTAL AND RELIABILITY PARAMETERS AND TEST METHODS FOR FIBER OPTIC COUPLERS AND SPLITTERS (REFERENCES TO RELEVANT I
24、EC DOCUMENTS FROM IEC 61753-2-3) 44 SAE AIR5667 Page 4 of 46 1. SCOPE The purpose of this document is to serve as a resource to aerospace designers who are planning to utilize Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) interconnects and components. Many WDM commercial systems exist and they incorporate a
25、 number of existing, commercially supported, standards that define the critical parameters to guide the development of these systems. These standards ensure interoperability between the elements within these systems. The commercial industry is motivated to utilize these standards to minimize the amo
26、unt of tailored development. However, since some of the aerospace parameters are not satisfied by the commercial devices, this document will also try to extend the commercial parameters to those that are necessary for aerospace systems. The document provides cross-references to existing or emerging
27、optical component and subsystem standards. These parameter definitions, test methods, and procedures typically apply to telecommunications application and in some cases may require refining to adapt them to aerospace optical network and system applications. 2. REFERENCES The following publications f
28、or a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of the other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited
29、herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. a. 86B/1708/CD USNC Comment Attachment 1, “A Position Paper On The Harmonization Of North American Fiber Optic Connector Pe
30、rformance Requirements With Those Contained In The IEC General And Guidance For Performance Standards (IEC 61753-1).” b. LaBel, K., et al., “On the Suitability of Fiber Optic Data Links in the Space Radiation Environment: A Historical and Scaling Technology Perspective,” IEEE Proceeding, Aerospace C
31、onference, Vol. 4, 21-28 March 1998. c. Marshall, P., et al., “Space Radiation Effects in High Performance Fiber Optic Data Links for Satellite Data Management,” Aerospace Applications Conference, IEEE Proceedings, Vol. 4 , 3-10 February 1996. d. Crain, S., et al., “Analog and Digital Single-Event E
32、ffects Experiments in Space,” IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, Vol. 48, No. 6, December, 2001. NOTE: Individual citations to the referenced International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA), International Telecommunications Union (ITU) and Telcordia
33、Generic Requirements (GR) documents are provided within the text of Sections 1 through 7 in the main body of this document. SAE AIR5667 Page 5 of 46 2.1 Applicable Documents 2.1.1 Commercial Standards The requirements and parameters identified in Section 7 of this document were selected from a numbe
34、r of international commercial standards, including the IEC, ITU, TIA, and Telcordia GR documents. 2.1.1.1 IEC documents Available from International Electrotechnical Commission, 3 rue de Varembe, P.O. Box 131, 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, Tel: +44-22-919-02-11, www. Iec.ch. IEC61753-081-2 Fiber opti
35、c interconnecting devices and passive components performance standard Part 3-1: Single-mode fiber optic medium-scale 1 x N DWDM devices for category C Controlled environment IEC/PAS 61300-3-29 Fiber Optic Interconnecting Devices and Passive Components Basic Test and Measurement Procedures Part 3-29:
36、 Examinations and Measurements-Measurement Techniques for Characterizing the Amplitude of the Spectral Transfer Function of DWDM Components IEC/PAS 61300-3-20 Fiber Optic Interconnecting Devices and Passive Components Basic Test and Measurement Procedures Part 3-20: Examinations and Measurements Dir
37、ectivity of Fiber Optic Branching Devices IEC/PAS 61300-3-2 Fiber Optic Interconnecting Devices and Passive Components Basic Test and Measurement Procedures Part 3-2: Examinations and Measurements Polarization Dependence of Attenuation in a Single-Mode Fiber Optic Device IEC/PAS 61300-3-32 Fiber Opt
38、ic Interconnecting Devices and Passive Components Basic Test and Measurement Procedures Part 3-32 IEC/PAS 61300-3-6 Fiber Optic Interconnecting Devices and Passive Components Basic Test and Measurement Procedures Part 3-6: Examinations and Measurements Return Loss IEC61753-081-2 Fiber optic intercon
39、necting devices and passive components performance standard Part 3-1: Single-mode fiber optic medium-scale 1 x N DWDM devices for category C Controlled environment IEC/PAS 61300-2-17 Fiber Optic Interconnecting Devices and Passive Components Basic Test and Measurement Procedures Part 2-17: Tests Col
40、d IEC/PAS 61300-2-18 Fiber Optic Interconnecting Devices and Passive Components Basic Test and Measurement Procedures Part 2-18: Tests Dry Heat High Temperature Endurance IEC/PAS 61300-2-19 Fiber Optic Interconnecting Devices and Passive Components Basic Test and Measurement Procedures Part 2-19: Te
41、sts Damp Heat (steady state) IEC/PAS 61300-2-22 Fiber Optic Interconnecting Devices and Passive Components Basic Test and Measurement Procedures Part 2-22: Tests Change of Temperature IEC/PAS 61300-2-1 Fiber Optic Interconnecting Devices and Passive Components Basic Test and Measurement Procedures P
42、art 2-1: Tests Vibration (sinusoidal) IEC/PAS 61300-2-4 Fiber Optic Interconnecting Devices and Passive Components Basic Test and Measurement Procedures Part 2-4: Tests Fiber/cable Retention IEC/PAS 61300-2-9 Fiber Optic Interconnecting Devices and Passive Components Basic Test and Measurement Proce
43、dures Part 2-9: Tests Shock SAE AIR5667 Page 6 of 46 IEC/PAS 61300-2-42 Fiber Optic Interconnecting Devices and Passive Components Basic Test and Measurement Procedures Part 2-42: Tests Tests Static Side Load for Connectors IEC 61281-1 Fiber optic communication subsystems Part 1: Generic specificati
44、on IEC 61291-1 Optical fiber amplifiers Part 1: Generic specification IEC 61291-2 Optical fiber Amplifiers Part 2: Digital applications Performance specification template; also published as TIA/EIA-455-223-2001 (FOTP-223) IEC 61291-4 Optical amplifiers; Part 4: Multichannel applications Performance
45、specification template IEC 61291-5 Optical amplifiers; Part 5-2: Qualification specifications Reliability qualification for optical fiber amplifiers IEC 61290-2-1 Optical fiber amplifiers; Basic specification Part 2-1: Test methods for optical power parameters; Optical spectrum analyzer. IEC 61977 F
46、iber optic filters Generic specification. 2.1.1.2 TIA documents Available from Telecommunications Industry Association, 2500 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 300, Arlington, VA 22201, Tel: 703-907-7700, www.tiaonline.org/standards/. TIA/EIA-455-223-2001 (FOTP-223) same as IEC 61291-2 above. 2.1.1.3 Telcordia
47、 Generic Requirements (GR) documents GR-468 Generic Reliability Assurance Requirements for Optoelectronic Devices Used in Telecommunications Equipment GR-1209 Generic Requirements for Passive Optical Components (Issue 3 includes GR-2882, GR-2883, GR-2884) GR-1221 Generic Reliability Assurance Requir
48、ements for Passive Optical Components GR-1312 Generic Requirements for Optical Fiber Amplifiers and Proprietary Dense Wavelength-Division Multiplexed Systems GR-2918 DWDM Network Transport Systems with Digital Tributaries for Use in Metropolitan Area Applications: Common Generic Criteria. 2.1.1.4 ITU documents G.957 (operating wavelength ranges, receiver Tables 2, 3 7.4.1.1-1 IEC61753-081-2 and IEC61300-series Tables 2, 3 7.4.2.1-1 GR-1209 7.4.1.1-2 7.4.2.2-1 GR-1221 7.4.2.2-2 Optical Amplifier 7.6 IEC61291-4 7.6.1.1-1 IEC61291-1 7.6.1.2-1 IEC61291-4 7.6
