1、Public Lessons Learned Entry: 5276 Lesson Info: Lesson Number: 5276 Submitting Organization: KSC Submitted by: Ryan Luttrell Subject: Developing a Human Factors Operability Timeline Analysis Abstract: For efficient and effective processing of the Constellation Programs (CxP) Orion vehicle, all groun
2、d processing activities were analyzed by developing a human factors operability timeline of events and analyzing each activity, which improved the design of ground and flight hardware interfaces and facilitated derivation of human factors design requirements. The analysis was performed by operabilit
3、y and human factors engineering experts with spacecraft processing experience. Description of Driving Event: The CxPs Orion vehicle goes through several areas and stages of processing before it is launched at the Kennedy Space Center. To have efficient and effective processing, all of the ground pro
4、cessing activities need to be analyzed. This was accomplished by first developing a human factors operability timeline of events that included each activity, and then each activity was analyzed by operability experts and human factors engineering experts with spacecraft processing experience. When a
5、n issue was discovered in the timeline, applicable standards, primarily from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Human Factors Design Standards (HFDS), were married with the issue. This process was basically stripping out the applicable FAA requirements that applied to ground processing of Ori
6、on, given the operations methodologies specially derived by the Ground Operations Project (GOP) to meet the CxP directives for CxP. The requirements derived during this exercise may or may not be applicable to another vehicle. If the processes are different during a different timeline, then another
7、analysis would need to be performed. The timeline analysis improved the design of ground and flight hardware interfaces for ground processing of ground equipment and flight and ground hardware interfaces and facilitated the derivation of applicable human factors design requirements. Refer to the att
8、ached document on Human Factors Operability Timeline Analysis to Improve the Processing Flow of the Orion Spacecraft for analysis methods and tool used. Figure 1: Simulation Inside Orion Capsule Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Lesson(
9、s) Learned: Timeline analysis is a great way to analyze and improve the design of ground and flight hardware interfaces for ground processing of the ground equipment and the flight and ground hardware interface. Using the visualization process (i.e., where the operations personnel meet with design v
10、isualization personnel in the design visualization lab to develop the flight, ground support equipment (GSE), and life-size human animations and pictures) was important because these animations were very helpful to the human factors and other engineers during the Human Factors Operability Engineerin
11、g Analysis (HFOEA). Some examples of evaluations performed on human/system interfaces were: o The task of moving the short stack pallet into and out of the servicing bay was evaluated. Communication and visibility by the operator to the pallet corners for alignment of pallet into the bay were consid
12、ered issues. An action was taken to assure a method was put in place to prevent contact and misalignment of the pallet with the existing bay structure during installation/removal of short stack pallets. A human factors requirement was evaluated and applied to the task that states, “Users shall be pr
13、otected from making errors to the maximum possible extent.” o The task of connecting, disconnecting, and stowing hoses from a transporter was evaluated. The weight and flexibility of the hoses were considered issues. An action was taken by the team to assure the hoses could be lifted by the technici
14、ans. Human factors requirements for maximum weight of units of equipment to be carried by more than one person were assessed. If a unit of equipment is designed to be carried by two people, the weight carried by either one of them shall not exceed 19 kilograms (kg) (42 pounds (lbs); thus, if the wei
15、ght of the unit is distributed uniformly, the maximum weight of the unit is 38 kg (84 lbs). This limit applies to carrying distances up to 10 meters (33 feet). o The task of removing guard rails from short stack pallets was also addressed. The issues, similar to the hose issues described above, were
16、 for the weight and size of guard rails. An action was taken by the team to assure the guard rails could be lifted by the technicians. Similar human factors requirements applied. The CxP-level human factors requirements document Human-Systems Integration Requirements (HSIR) greatly promoted better h
17、uman factors Systems Engineering and Integration. This improved the integration between ground systems and crewed vehicle designs for ground processing. Early collaboration and planning between the flight and ground hardware designers for human factors (operability) engineering analysis (HFEA) was n
18、ecessary. Timeline analysis was a great way to analyze and improve the design of ground and flight hardware interfaces for ground processing of the ground equipment and the flight and ground hardware interface. Although the HFOEA was primarily applied to Orion and ground support equipment to improve
19、 the design of hardware for better human factors and operations, some areas of HFOEA can be used to improve the work operations documents and processes (for example, for hazard warning signs being called out in the work steps, etc.). Human factors engineers should perform the human factors assessmen
20、ts as embedded members of the HFOEA design teams. Refer to the attached document on Human Factors Operability Timeline Analysis to Improve the Processing Flow of the Orion Spacecraft for additional information. Recommendation(s): 1. Continue to use the timeline method to successfully perform human f
21、actors operability engineering analysis and to derive applicable human factors design requirements. 2. The design team should install guide rails on floors to prevent contact and misalignment of pallets with the existing bay structure during installation/removal of short stack pallets. 3. Change the
22、 design of the hoses to be in sections to reduce weight to below the human factors requirements. 4. The design should ensure manageable size and weight of the guard rails to assure they can be lifted by the technicians but still meet the requirements. 5. Promote more design integration processes and
23、 designs between the Kennedy Space Center (KSC), the Marshall Space Flight Center, and the Johnson Space Center by using the timeline option for human factors operations engineering analysis. 6. Promote sharing of this process across Centers, projects, and with commercial partners. 7. Embed HFEA and
24、 HFOEA as part of the Engineering processes as decision tools to choose from for the appropriate human factors engineering analysis. 8. Continue using the design visualization process, where operations personnel met with the design visualization personnel in the design visualization lab to develop t
25、he flight, GSE, and human animations and pictures. These flight, GSE, and human animations and pictures were used during the HFOEA to help the human Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-factors and other engineers have a clear understandin
26、g of the human hardware interfaces during the activities under analysis. 9. Introduce motion capture analysis into applicable activities during the human factors operability engineering timeline analysis, especially where a worksite analysis is needed or where two or more projects interface, Ares/Or
27、ion/GO. Motion capture allows for quicker, simpler, and real-to-life simulations, and the computer models will include the CAD flight hardware and human Avatar in which the envelope spaces between the human and flight hardware can be viewed, and the stresses to the human can be computed. 10. Promote
28、 more HFEOA timeline analysis with the GSE, such as the flight and ground interface at the umbilical plates and the ground commodity connections to flight hardware. 11. Use the design problems and solutions from this HFEOA effort to improve NASA-STD-3001, to promote better NASA human factors Systems
29、 Engineering and Integration in future programs. 12. Employ the human factors systems engineering processes and lessons learned from Orion to future launch vehicles. Refer to attached Human Factors Operability Timeline Analysis to Improve the Processing Flow of the Orion Spacecraft for additional in
30、formation. Evidence of Recurrence Control Effectiveness: N/A Documents Related to Lesson: Human Factors Operability Timeline Analysis to Improve the Processing of the Orion Spacecraft, Roland Schlierf and Damon B. Stambolian, Kennedy Space Center Click to view this document NASA-STD-3001,Volume 1, N
31、ASA Space Flight Human System Standard: Volume 1, Crew Health and Volume 2, Human Factors, Habitability, and Environmental Health, accessible at https:/standards.nasa.gov Mission Directorate(s): Exploration Systems Additional Key Phrase(s): Missions and Systems Requirements Definition - Human factor
32、s impact on mission design Mission Operations and Ground Support Systems - Ground processing and manifesting Engineering Design (Phase C/D) - Human Factors/Habitability Systems Engineering and Analysis - Human factors planning Additional Info: Project: Constellation Program Approval Info: Approval Date: 2012-02-03 Approval Name: mbell Approval Organization: HQ Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-
