1、Stationary Fire Pumps HandbookFifth EditionEdited byChad R.W. DuffySenior Fire Protection Specialist, NFPA With the complete text of the 2016 edition of NFPA20, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire ProtectionNatioNal Fire ProtectioN associatioNthe leading information and knowle
2、dge resource on fire, electrical and related hazardsBK-NFPA-20HB16-150327-FM.indd 1 11/6/2015 7:20:28 PMProduct Management: Debra Rose Cover Design: Cameron, Inc.Development and Production: Irene Herlihy Interior Design: Cheryl LangwayCopyediting: Ellen Cosgrove Composition: CenveoPermissions: Josia
3、ne Domenici Manufacturing: Ellen GliskerArt Direction: Cheryl Langway Printing/Binding: R.R.Donnelley/HarrisonburgCopyright 2015National Fire Protection AssociationOne Batterymarch ParkQuincy, Massachusetts 02169-7471All rights reserved.Important Notices and Disclaimers: Publication of this handbook
4、 is for the purpose of circulating information and opinion among those concerned for fire and electrical safety and related subjects. While every effort has been made to achieve a work of high quality, neither the NFPA nor the contributors to this handbook guarantee the accuracy or completeness of o
5、r assume any liability in connection with the infor-mation and opinions contained in this handbook. The NFPA and the contributors shall in no event be liable for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, direc
6、tly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance upon this handbook.This handbook is published with the understanding that the NFPA and the contributors to this handbook are supplying information and opinion but are not attempting to render engineering or other professional serv
7、ices. If such services are required, the assistance of an ap-propriate professional should be sought.NFPA 20, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection (“NFPA 20”), is, like all NFPA codes, standards, recom-mended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”), made available f
8、or use subject to Important Notices and Legal Disclaimers, which appear at the end of this handbook and can also be viewed at www.nfpa.org/disclaimers.Notice Concerning Code Interpretations: This fifth edition of the Stationary Fire Pumps Handbook is based on the 2016 edition of NFPA 20. All NFPA co
9、des, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”) are developed in accordance with the pub-lished procedures of the NFPA by technical committees comprised of volunteers drawn from a broad array of relevant interests. The handbook contains the complete text of NFPA 20, NFPA 24, and
10、 NFPA 291; relevant extracts from the text of NFPA 13, NFPA 14, NFPA 22, NFPA 70, and NFPA 1; and any applicable Formal Interpretations issued by the NFPA at the time of publication. These NFPA Standards are accompa-nied by explanatory commentary and other supplementary materials.The commentary and
11、supplementary materials in this handbook are not a part of the NFPA Standards and do not constitute Formal Inter-pretations of the NFPA (which can be obtained only through requests processed by the responsible technical committees in accordance with the published procedures of the NFPA). The comment
12、ary and supplementary materials, therefore, solely reflect the personal opinions of the editor or other contributors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the NFPA or its technical committees.REMINDER: UPDATING OF NFPA STANDARDSNFPA 20, Standard for the Installation of Stationary
13、 Pumps for Fire Protection, like all NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”), may be amended from time to time through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected by Errata. An official NFPA Standard at any point in time consists of the current editi
14、on of the document together with any Tentative Interim Amendment and any Errata then in effect. In order to determine whether an NFPA Standard has been amended through the issuance of Tenta-tive Interim Amendments or corrected by Errata, visit the Document Information Pages on NFPAs website. The Doc
15、ument Information Pages provide up-to-date, document specific information including any issued Tentative Interim Amendments and Errata. To access the Document Information Page for a specific NFPA Standard go to http:/www.nfpa.org/document for a list of NFPA Standards, and click on the appropriate St
16、andard number (e.g., NFPA 20). In addition to posting all existing Tentative Interim Amendments and Errata, the Document Information Page also includes the option to sign-up for an “Alert” feature to receive an email notification when new updates and other information are posted regarding the docume
17、nt.The following are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association:National Fire Protection Association NFPA Building Construction and Safety Codeand NFPA 5000 NFPA 72 Life Safety Codeand NFPA 101 NEC, National Electrical Code,andNFPA 70 Fire Protection HandbookNFPA No.: 20HB16IS
18、BN (book): 978-145590-9346ISBN (PDF): 978-145590-9353Library of Congress Control No.: 2015948403Printed in the United States of America15 16 17 18 19 5 4 3 2 1BK-NFPA-20HB16-150327-FM.indd 2 11/6/2015 7:20:28 PMiiiContentsPreface viiAcknowledgments ixDedication xiAbout the Contributors xiiiAbout the
19、 Editor xviiAn Overview of Fire Pump Configurations 1PART ONENFPA 20, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection, with Commentary 171 Administration 191.1 Scope 191.2 Purpose 201.3 Application 211.4 Retroactivity 211.5 Equivalency 221.6 Units 222 Referenced Publications 25
20、2.1 General 252.2 NFPA Publications 252.3 Other Publications 252.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory Sections 273 Definitions 293.1 General 293.2 NFPA Official Definitions 293.3 General Definitions 314 General Requirements 534.1 Pumps 534.2 Approval Required 534.3 Pump Operation 574.4 Fire Pump U
21、nit Performance 594.5 Certified Shop Test 604.6 Liquid Supplies 624.7 Pumps, Drivers, and Controllers 654.8 Multistage Multiport Pump 704.9 Centrifugal Fire Pump Capacities 714.10 Nameplate 714.11 Pressure Gauges 724.12 Circulation Relief Valve 744.13 Equipment Protection 764.14 Pipe and Fittings 81
22、4.15 Suction Pipe and Fittings 844.16 Discharge Pipe and Fittings 994.17 Valve Supervision 1044.18 Protection of Piping Against Damage Due to Movement 1054.19 Relief Valves for Centrifugal Pumps 1064.20 Pumps Arranged in Series 1134.21 Water Flow Test Devices 1164.22 Steam Power Supply Dependability
23、 1254.23 Shop Tests 1274.24 Pump Shaft Rotation 1274.25 Other Signals 1284.26 Pressure Maintenance (Jockey or Make-Up) Pumps 1294.27 Summary of Centrifugal Fire Pump Data 1334.28 Backflow Preventers and Check Valves 1344.29 Earthquake Protection 1384.30 Packaged Fire Pump Assemblies 1394.31 Pressure
24、 Actuated Controller Pressure Sensing Lines 1424.32 Break Tanks 1444.33 Field Acceptance Test of Pump Units 144BK-NFPA-20HB16-150327-FM.indd 3 11/6/2015 7:20:28 PM2016 Stationary Fire Pumps Handbookiv Contents 5 Fire Pumps for High-Rise Buildings 1475.1 General 1475.2 Equipment Access 1475.3 Water S
25、upply Tanks 1485.4 Fire Pump Test Arrangement 1485.5 Auxiliary Power 1495.6 Very Tall Buildings 1496 Centrifugal Pumps 1556.1 General 1556.2 Factory and Field Performance 1626.3 Fittings 1666.4 Foundation and Setting 1706.5 Connection to Driver and Alignment 1717 Vertical Shaft TurbineType Pumps 177
26、7.1 General 1777.2 Water Supply 1797.3 Pump 1877.4 Installation 1937.5 Driver 1957.6 Operation and Maintenance 1978 Positive Displacement Pumps 2018.1 General 2018.2 Foam Concentrate and Additive Pumps 2068.3 Water Mist System Pumps 2078.4 Water Mist Positive Displacement Pumping Units 2088.5 Fittin
27、gs 2108.6 Pump Drivers 2168.7 Controllers 2188.8 Foundation and Setting 2188.9 Driver Connection and Alignment 2188.10 Flow Test Devices 2189 Electric Drive for Pumps 2219.1 General 2219.2 Normal Power 2239.3 Alternate Power 2309.4 Voltage Drop 2329.5 Motors 2359.6 On-Site Standby Generator Systems
28、2439.7 Junction Boxes 2469.8 Listed Electrical Circuit Protective System to Controller Wiring 2479.9 Raceway Terminations 24910 Electric-Drive Controllers and Accessories 25110.1 General 25110.2 Location 25810.3 Construction 26410.4 Components 27010.5 Starting and Control 28610.6 Controllers Rated i
29、n Excess of 600 V 30110.7 Limited Service Controllers 30610.8 Power Transfer for Alternate Power Supply 30710.9 Controllers for Additive Pump Motors 31810.10 Controllers with Variable Speed Pressure Limiting Control or Variable Speed Suction Limiting Control 31911 Diesel Engine Drive 33311.1 General
30、 33311.2 Engines 33411.3 Pump Room 35511.4 Fuel Supply and Arrangement 35811.5 Engine Exhaust 36411.6 Diesel Engine Driver System Operation 36512 Engine Drive Controllers 36912.1 Application 36912.2 Location 37312.3 Construction 37412.4 Components 38212.5 Battery Recharging 39412.6 Battery Chargers
31、39512.7 Starting and Control 39912.8 Air-Starting Engine Controllers 41613 Steam Turbine Drive 41913.1 General 41913.2 Turbine 42213.3 Installation 42414 Acceptance Testing, Performance, and Maintenance 42714.1 Hydrostatic Tests and Flushing 42714.2 Field Acceptance Tests 43214.3 Record Drawings, Te
32、st Reports, Manuals, Special Tools, and Spare Parts 465BK-NFPA-20HB16-150327-FM.indd 4 11/6/2015 7:20:28 PMStationary Fire Pumps Handbook 2016Contents v14.4 Periodic Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance 46614.5 Component Replacement 467Annex A Explanatory Material 471Annex B Possible Causes of Pump
33、Troubles 473Annex C Fire Pump Controller Connectivity 479Annex D Informational References 525Annex E Material Extracted by NFPA 70, Article 695 527PART T WOWater Supply Requirements, Water Demand, Hydrants, Tanks, and Piping 531Section 1 Complete Text of NFPA291, Recommended Practice for Fire Flow T
34、esting and Marking of Hydrants, 2016 Edition, with Commentary 533Section 2 Complete Text of NFPA24, Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains and Their Appurtenances, 2016 Edition, with Commentary 557Section 3 Sections 18.4 and 18.5 NFPA1, Fire Code, 2015 Edition with Commentary 63
35、9Section 4 Extracts with Commentary from NFPA22, Standard for Water Tanks for Private Fire Protection, 2013 Edition 655Section 5 Extracts with Commentary from NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems, 2013 Edition 691Section 6 Extracts with Commentary from NFPA 13, Standa
36、rd for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, 2016 Edition 709PART THREESupplements 7171. Considerations When Designing and Selecting a Fire Pump 7192. Interrelationship of NFPA Standards Pertaining to a Fire Pump Installation 7333. Commissioning and Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance Forms for Fi
37、re Pumps 7434. NECArticle 695, Fire Pumps 7695. Technical/Substantive Changes from the 2013 to 2016 Edition of NFPA 20 785NFPA 20 Index 789Important Notices and Legal Disclaimers 798BK-NFPA-20HB16-150327-FM.indd 5 11/6/2015 7:20:28 PM799Tentative Interim AmendmentsBK-NFPA-20HB16-150327-FM.indd 6 11/
38、6/2015 7:20:29 PMviiPrefaceFire pumps have been used to supply flow and pressure to fire protection systems for over 100 years. The first NFPA standard on automatic sprinkler systems was published in 1896 and included information on steam and rotary fire pumps that is still valid today. Among its re
39、quirements were 2 in. outlets for testing purposes, equipment protection (the pump had to be located in a brick or stone enclosure and cut off from the main building by fire doors), and a weekly running test. The standard established the minimum size for fire pumps to be not less than 500 gpm rated
40、capacity and required a 60 minute water supply. A spring-type pressure relief valve and pressure gauge were also required. These requirements amounted to less than one page of text for the installation of a fire pump.These early pumps were not the primary water supply for sprinkler or standpipe syst
41、ems and were started manually. Pumps were permitted to take suction by lift either from a con-nected water main or by means of connecting a primer pipe to a water tank of not less than 200 gallons capacity. The first pumps were usually powered by steam; gasoline enginedriven pumps were first mention
42、ed in the standard in 1913. At first unreliable, these spark-ignited engines evolved into the reliable diesel enginedriven pumps of modern times.Today, fire pumps are considered to be a primary component of the fire protection water supply and are started automatically. Modern fire pumps are connect
43、ed to a reliable driver of either an electric motor or a diesel engine (some steam-driven units are still in service) and are designed to start and operate under the most demanding conditions. NFPA 20, Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection, has undergone 31 revisions
44、and has evolved into a comprehensive installation standard consisting of 14 chapters and 168 pages far more comprehensive than the first standard on fire pumps.In 1998 NFPA and the National Fire Sprinkler Association collaborated on the first edi-tion of what was then called the Fire Pump Handbook.
45、Kenneth E. Isman, P.E., of NFSA and Milosh Puchovsky, P.E., formerly of the NFPA staff, provided a depth of knowledge and expertise to create a handbook that became invaluable to those in the field. NFPA acknowl-edges the work of Mr. Isman and Mr. Puchovsky in their authorship of the first edition o
46、f the Fire Pump Handbook, portions of which have been used in the preparation of this book. The purpose of this handbook, in addition to providing commentary on the requirements of NFPA 20, is to include in one document a complete handbook of all NFPA documents that establish water supply requiremen
47、ts for fixed suppression systems, regardless of the type of water supply. An overview of pump configurations provides examples of possible fire pump configuration based on the requirements of NFPA 20, and discusses the purpose of its com-ponents. Part I of this handbook contains the requirements for
48、 the installation of fire pumps from NFPA 20, with additional explanation in the form of commentary. Part II covers hydrant systems and how hydrant demand necessitates a fire pump installation and water tanks and private water supplies as they relate to the installation of fire pumps and suppression
49、 systems. It also discusses both automatic standpipe systems, which, due to their high flow and pres-sure demands, usually require the assistance of a fire pump, and sprinklers, which are the most common type of system installed and in many configurations create a pressure demand that necessitates a fire pump. Part II includes requirements and guidance from NFPA 291, BK-NFPA-20HB16-150327-FM.indd 7 11/6/2015 7:20:29 PM2016 Stationary Fire Pumps Handb
