1、NFPA101AGuide on Alternative Approaches to Life Safety Handbook 2013101ANFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, USAAn International Codes and Standards OrganizationNFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471An International Codes and Standards OrganizationNFPA101AGuide on AlternativeA
2、nnotated by Ron Cot, P.E.Approaches to Life SafetyHandbook 2013Copyright 2013National Fire Protection AssociationOne Batterymarch Park Quincy, Massachusetts 02169-7471 All rights reserved. About this Handbook EditionThis PDF contains the complete 2013 edition of NFPA 101A, Guide on Alternative Appro
3、aches to Life Safety, annotated to assist the readers understanding of the standards language and the intent behind it. The annotations are not part of the NFPA Standard but provide a valuable commen-tary reflecting the views, explanations, and insights of authors and contributors selected by the NF
4、PA based on their knowledge of and experience with the standard.How to Navigate Between the Text of the Standard and the AnnotationsNavigate between code or standard text and annotations by using hyperlinked icons and code numbers.While in code or standard text, click on hyperlinked icon* to the lef
5、t of the standard sec-tion to navigate to corresponding annotations. Click on the hyperlinked annotative standard section number 1.1 to return to previous standard section.*Please note, only the sections featuring icons contain annotations.For longer blocks of annotations, it is recommended that you
6、 enable the back arrow functional-ity in Acrobats page navigation menu, which will also allow you to return to the previous stan-dard section.How to Ensure You Have the Most Up-to-Date Version of the NFPA StandardThe NFPA Standard, in the edition contained herein, is current as of the effective date
7、 desig-nated at the time the standard was issued 2013. This (ANDBOOK Edition does not, however, include errata, tentative interim amendments (TIAs), or formal interpretations (FIs) that may have been issued after the effective date. For all errata, TIAs, or FIs that may have been issued since the ef
8、fective date, or for any new editions that may have superseded this edition, please visit the “Document Information pages” link for the relevant NFPA Standard located in the “Codes email: stds_adminnfpa.org. For more information about NFPA, visit the NFPA website at www.nfpa.org.IMPORTANT NOTICES AN
9、D DISCLAIMERS CONCERNING THE HANDBOOK EDITIONNotice and Disclaimer Concerning LiabilityNotice Concerning Interpretations Contained in the AnnotationsISBN: 978-1455906697Publication of this (ANDBOOKEdition is for the purpose of circulating information and opinion among those concerned for fire and el
10、ectrical safety and related subjects. While every effort has been made to achieve a work of high quality, neither the NFPAnor the contributors to this (ANDBOOKEdition guarantee the accuracy or completeness of or assume any liability in connec-tion with the information and opinions contained in this
11、(ANDBOOK%dition. The NFPA and the contributors shall in no event be liable for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or reliance upon this (AN
12、DBOOK EditioNThis (ANDBOOK Edition is published with the understanding that the NFPA and the contribu-tors to this (ANDBOOK Edition are supplying information and opinion but are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services. If such services are required, the assistance of an a
13、ppropriate professional should be sought.NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Documents”), includ-ing the NFPA Document that is the subject of this (ANDBOOKEdition, are made available for usesubject to Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning NFPA Documents, which are
14、sepa-rately bookmarked and viewable in this (ANDBOOKEdition, and which can also be viewed at www.nfpa.org/disclaimers.NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Documents”), including the NFPA Document that is the subject of this (ANDBOOKEdition are developed in accordance with
15、the published procedures of the NFPA by technical committees comprised of volunteers drawn from a broad array of relevant interests. In this (ANDBOOKEdition the text of the NFPA Document is accompanied with annotations providing explanation and commentary on the meaning and intent of the Document. T
16、he annotations contained in this (ANDBOOK Edition are not a part of the NFPA Document and do not constitute Formal Interpretations of the NFPA (which can be obtained only through requests processed by the responsible technical committees in accordance with the published procedures of the NFPA). The
17、annotations, therefore, solely reflect the personal opinions of the author or other contributors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the NFPA or its technical committees.Copyright 2012 National Fire Protection Association. All Rights Reserved.NFPA101AGuide onAlternative Approac
18、hes to Life Safety2013 EditionThis edition of NFPA 101A, Guide on Alternative Approaches to Life Safety, was prepared by theTechnical Committee on Alternative Approaches to Life Safety and released by the TechnicalCorrelating Committee on Safety to Life. It was issued by the Standards Council on May
19、 29,2012, with an effective date of June 18, 2012, and supersedes all previous editions.This edition of NFPA 101A was approved as an American National Standard on June 18, 2012.Origin and Development of NFPA 101AThis 2013 edition of NFPA 101A is the ninth edition. Prior to the development of the 198
20、8edition of this document, it was published as several appendixes to NFPA 101, Life Safety Code.NFPA 101A is revised every three years on a schedule that lags that of NFPA 101 by one year soas to accurately reflect the requirements of NFPA 101, against which the NFPA 101A FireSafety Evaluation Syste
21、ms (FSESs) measure equivalency.Chapter 4 first appeared as Appendix C in the 1981 edition of the Life Safety Code andChapters 5, 6, and 7 first appeared in the 1985 edition of the Life Safety Code as Appendixes E,F, and G. Chapter 8 was proposed as Appendix H for the 1988 edition of the Life Safety
22、Code butinstead was published as a chapter of the 1998 edition of NFPA 101A. These chapters wereoriginally prepared by the Center for Fire Research of the National Institute of Standards andTechnology (then the National Bureau of Standards). The Committees on Safety to Life havereviewed and modified
23、 the systems as appropriate for inclusion. Chapter 9 appeared first inthe 2004 edition and provides an FSES for educational occupancies.This document provides alternative approaches to life safety based on the 2012 Life SafetyCode. It is intended to be used with the Life Safety Code, not as a substi
24、tute. Section 1.4 of the LifeSafety Code permits alternative compliance with the Code under equivalency concepts wheresuch equivalency is approved by the authority having jurisdiction. The methods contained inthis guide can be used to help determine equivalency where used as part of the technicaldoc
25、umentation submitted to the authority having jurisdiction.The figures contained in this guide are copyrighted by NFPA, but users are hereby givenpermission to copy the worksheets for private use only.101A1NFPA and National Fire Protection Association are registered trademarks of the National Fire Pr
26、otection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169.Technical Correlating Committee on Safety to LifeWilliam E. Koffel, ChairKoffel Associates, Inc., MD SERon Cot, SecretaryNational Fire Protection Association, MADavid S. Collins, The Preview Group, Inc., OH SERep. American Institute of ArchitectsWayn
27、e D. Holmes, HSB Professional Loss Control,NC IHoward Hopper, Underwriters Laboratories Inc.,CA RTKenneth E. Isman, National Fire Sprinkler Association,Inc., NY MThomas W. Jaeger, Jaeger and Associates, LLC, VA URep. American Health Care AssociationJ. Edmund Kalie, Jr., Prince Georges CountyGovernme
28、nt, MD EDavid C. Lind, North Shore Fire Department, WI ERep. International Fire Marshals AssociationGeorge H. McCall, Wade Hampton Fire Department,SC URep. International Association of Fire ChiefsJake Pauls, Jake Pauls Consulting Services in BuildingUse such zones should beevaluated as follows:(a) A
29、ny zone, whether or not used for patient egress,shall be permitted to be evaluated on the same basisas a patient use zone. In such case, the value of factor101A6 ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO LIFE SAFETY2013 EditionF in Worksheet 4.7.3 shall be assigned the value offactor L (“Zone Location”) from Worksh
30、eet 4.7.2. Insuch cases, Safety Parameter 10, “Emergency Move-ment Routes,” from Worksheet 4.7.6 shall be graded“deficient” if the exit capacity is less than that pre-scribed for the actual occupancy of the space and“30No. of Patients1.0 1.2 1.5 2.0Risk Factor1st 2nd or 3rd 4th to 6th 7th and Above
31、BasementsFloor1.1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.6Risk FactorOne or More*None12 35 610 101 1 1 1 PatientsAttendantRisk Factor 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.5 4.01 Year 65 Years or 1 YearRisk Factor 1.21.0FIGURE 4.7 Worksheets for Evaluating Fire/Smoke Zones.101A13FIRE SAFETY EVALUATION SYSTEM FOR HEALTH CARE OCCUPANCIES2013 Edition
32、(For use with NFPA 101A-2013/NFPA 101-2012) (p. 2 of 4)WORKSHEET 4.7.6 SAFETY PARAMETER VALUESParameter ValuesSafety Parameters1. ConstructionCombustibleTypes III, IV, and VNoncombustibleTypes I and IIFloor or ZoneFirstSecondThird4th and Above000 111 200 211, 2HH 000 111 222, 322, 442 2 0 2 0 0 2 2
33、7 2 4 2 2 2 4 9 7 9 7 7 2 4 13 7 13 7 9 7 42. Interior Finish(Corridors and Exits)Class C Class B Class A 5(0)f0(3)f 33. Interior Finish(Rooms)Class A 3(1)f1(3)f 34. CorridorPartitions/WallsNone or Incomplete 30 ft and Zone Length Is100 ft50 ft to 100 ft 30 ft to 50 ft 150 ft 100 ft to 150 ft 150 ft
34、 (45 m)and 200 ft (61 m).5.4.11.2 The penalty for dead-end access shall be assessedwhere any corridor affords access in only one direction to arequired exit from that corridor. The calculation of the dis-tance to determine the parameter value is the measurementfrom the centerline of the doorway exit
35、ing to the corridor tothe doorway of the exit from the corridor or building, which-ever is shorter. Exit travel is the distance from the door to thecorridor to the point where the building is exited or a stairwellis entered, whichever is shorter. Where the distance to thestairwell is the shorter dis
36、tance, that distance shall be based onthe distance to the door enclosing the stairwell if the stairwellis enclosed, or to the top tread if the stairwell is open.5.4.12 Vertical Openings.5.4.12.1 General. These values apply to vertical openings andpenetrations, including exit stairways, ramps, and an
37、y othervertical exits, pipe shafts, ventilation shafts, duct penetrations,and laundry and incinerator chutes. The charge for verticalopenings shall be based on the presence or lack of enclosureand the fire resistance rating of the enclosure, if provided.5.4.12.2 Open or Incomplete. A vertical openin
38、g or penetra-tion shall be classified as an open or incomplete enclosure if ithas any of the following characteristics:(1) It is unenclosed.(2) It is enclosed but does not have doors.101A20 ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO LIFE SAFETY2013 Edition(3) It is enclosed but has openings other than doorways.(4) I
39、t is enclosed with cloth, paper, or similar materials with-out any sustained firestopping capabilities.5.4.12.2.1 If a shaft other than a credited exit route (i.e.,credited as one of the multiple routes required in 5.4.10 or indetermining travel distance in 5.4.11) is enclosed on all floorsbut one,
40、and this results in an unprotected opening betweenthat shaft and one, and only one, floor, the parameter valueassigned to that shaft shall be 0. If a required egress route iscontained in that shaft, the parameter value shall be 2.5.4.12.2.2 If vertical firestopping is incomplete, the verticalopening
41、 shall be evaluated using the criteria of 5.4.12.2 and5.4.12.2.1.5.4.12.3 Communicating Floors. Communicating floor levelsshall be permitted without enclosure protection between lev-els, provided they meet the requirements of 22.3.1 or 23.3.1(NFPA 101), as appropriate.5.4.12.4 Open Tiered Cells. The
42、 open or incomplete enclosurescategory does not apply to open, multitiered cell blocks inexisting buildings classified as single-story buildings in accor-dance with 5.4.1.5.4.12.5 Smoke Resistant. A complete enclosure is providedand is capable of resisting the passage of smoke but does notmeet the f
43、ire resistance requirements of 8.6.5 (NFPA 101).Unprotected vertical openings in accordance with 22.3.1(2)and 23.3.1.1(2) (NFPA 101) shall be considered to be smokeresistant.5.4.12.6 Fire Resistant. A smoke-resistant enclosure is pro-vided that also meets the fire resistance requirements of 8.6.5(NF
44、PA 101). Atriums in accordance with 8.6.7 (NFPA 101)shall be considered to be fire resistant.5.4.13 Smoke Control. Smoke control definitions are pro-vided in 5.4.13.1 through 5.4.13.4.5.4.13.1 No Control. Smoke barriers (or horizontal exits) arenonexistent on the floor or are not accessible to those
45、 con-fined.5.4.13.2 Smoke Compartment Passive. Credit for smokebarriers is given to any facility meeting the requirements of22.3.7 or 23.3.7 (NFPA 101), as appropriate.5.4.13.3 Smoke Compartment Mechanically Assisted. Me-chanically assisted smoke control on a compartment basismust include a smoke ba
46、rrier (or a horizontal exit) supportedby a mechanism of automatic control fans, smoke vent shafts,or a combination thereof to provide a pressure differentialthat assists in confining smoke to the compartment of origin.Fans involved shall be permitted to be special smoke controlfans or special adjust
47、ments of the normal building air move-ment fans.5.4.13.4 Heat and Smoke Vent System. A heat and smoke ventsystem is a tested and accepted system that handles smoke inorder to maintain the level of smoke above head height in theresidential housing area. Methods of judging the acceptabilityof the system are contained in NFPA 92, Standard for SmokeControl Systems; and NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, A.23.3.1.3. Addi-tional credit for this system shall be given if the operation ofthe exhaust system is initiated
